孤独症儿童愿望理解能力发展特点  

Desire Understanding of Autistic Children in China

作　　者：张倩倩[1] 周世杰[1] 黄秋平[1] 莫新竹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅二医院医学心理研究所,长沙410011

出　　处：《中国临床心理学杂志》2013年第6期924-927,共4页Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金"十二五"规划2011年度教育学一般课题"孤独症儿童的心理理论发展特点及认知行为干预研究"(批准号:BBA110019)

摘　　要：目的:系统了解孤独症儿童的心理理论之愿望理解能力发展特点。方法:被试为54名孤独症儿童和59正常儿童,年龄35～86个月之间。采用韦氏幼儿智力测验的图片词汇分测验平衡两组的言语理解能力,选用简单愿望理解任务、愿望形成理解任务和冲突愿望理解任务测量被试的愿望理解能力。结果:①以图片词汇分数为协变量的协方差分析结果显示,任务的主效应显著,F=14.253,P<0.001,组别的主效应显著,F=23.261,P<0.001。②孤独症组3(年龄组)×3(任务)重复测量方差分析结果发现,年龄的主效应显著,F=5.286,P=0.008。事后LSD检验表明,年龄组2(53～68个月)和年龄组3(69～86个月)的成绩均显著好于年龄组1(35～52个月),而年龄组2、3之间的成绩不存在显著差异。任务的主效应显著,F=10.425,P<0.001。③以愿望形成理解任务的总分为因变量,单因素方差分析结果发现年龄的主效应不显著。二项分布检验结果发现,孤独症被试在愿望形成理解任务上的通过率与机遇水平不存在显著差异。④以冲突愿望理解任务的总分为因变量,单因素方差分析发现年龄的主效应不显著。二项分布检验结果发现,孤独症组被试在冲突愿望理解任务两种条件下的通过率都显著低于机遇水平。结论:①孤独症儿童简单愿望理解、愿望形成理解和冲突愿望理解能力均显著低于生理年龄相当的正常儿童。②孤独症儿童的简单愿望理解能力在35～68个月之间经历了快速发展。③大多数年龄处于35～86个月之间的孤独症儿童还不能理解愿望是如何形成的,也没有发展出理解冲突愿望的能力。Objective： The study aimed to apply classical desire understanding tasks to autistic children and normal children in China, so as to get a systematic and clear view of different levels of desire understanding development in Chi- nese autistic children. Methods： In this study, there are 54 children with autism and 59 normal children, aging between 35 months and 86 months. Simple desire understanding task, desire formation understanding task and conflict desire under- standing task were applied to measure the desire understanding ability of subjects systematically. Results： （~）Taking pic- ture vocabulary scores as covariates, analysis of covariance yielded significant main effects of tasks. At the same time, the result also showed apparent main effects of groups. （~）For autism group, 3（age group）x3 （tasks）repeated measurement analy- sis of variance showed significant main effects of age. Post-hoc LSD comparisons showed that scores of age group 2（53-68 months） and age group 3（69-86 months） were evidently higher than that of age group 1（35-52 months）, no significant differ- ence was found between the score of age group 2 and age group 3. The main effects of tasks were significan. （~With the score of desire formation understanding task being dependent variable and autistic children divided into 3 age groups, One- way ANOVA yielded no evident effects of age. Binomial distribution test found no significant difference between pass rate of autistic children and that expected by chance. （~With the score of conflict desire understanding task being dependent variable and autistic children divided into 3 age groups, One-way ANOVA yielded no significant effects of age. Binomial distribution test found that pass rate of autistic children under both conditions was significantly lower than that expected by chance. Conclusion： （1）Relative to normal subjects of equivalent chronological age, children with autism performed less ap- propriately on all those desire understanding tasks. （2�

关 键 词：孤独症 心理理论 愿望理解 

分 类 号：R395.2[哲学宗教—心理学]