汽车节油减排措施和政策  

Automobile Fuel Economy Improving and Emission Reduction Technologies and Policies in China

作　　者：胡晓春[1] 汪燮卿[1] 蒋福康[1] 张宝吉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油化工科学研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《中外能源》2013年第12期10-17,共8页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：交通运输用油是影响我国石油消费量的重要因素,汽车的节油与燃料替代对降低石油需求起着关键性的作用,也是实现经济、社会和能源安全以及过渡到低碳经济的关键。汽车节油效果取决于国家的宏观政策。提高传统汽车能源效率、鼓励替代燃料和新能源汽车开发,以及采用智能运输系统、大力发展公共交通是节油减排的有效途径。提高汽车燃料使用效率,即开发节油型汽车、降低燃料消耗、淘汰油耗较高的老旧车型、提高柴油发动机所占比例等。整合强制性燃油经济性标识、标准和财政激励措施等独立的政策形成一揽子计划,通过相互协同作用来增强效果。替代燃料和新能源是石油燃料的有效补充,应加大投入力度。其中最有前景的是天然气、液化石油气等气体燃料。混合动力、纯电动汽车可借鉴国外先进技术,实现跨越式发展。氢燃料电池汽车应加大研发力度。充分利用智能运输系统和先进的物联网系统优化交通结构和货运行程,大力发展公共交通。Traffic and transportationuse fuel is an important factor affecting China＇s oil consumption.Auto fu elsaving and substituting technologies play a key role in reducing petroleum demand and are also the key to ensuring economic ,social and energy security and a successful transition to lowcarbon economy.The effect of an auto fuel saving initiative depends on a country＇s national policy.Raising the fuel economy of conven tional vehicles,encouraging the development of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles,adopting smart transportation systems,and strengthening the development of mass transit system are effective approaches to saving fuel and reducing emissions.The methods for raising automobiles＇ fuel economy include developing fu elefficient vehicles,reducing fuel consumption,phasing out fuelgobbling old vehicles,and increasing the share of diesel vehicles.Other measures that can be taken include integrating independent policies such as compulsory fuel economy identifiers ,standards and financial incentives to produce a package of plans and in creasing the effect of these measures through synergy.Alternative fuels are effective supplements to petroleum fuels and should be developed on a larger scale.Gaseous fuels such as natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas are the most promising alternative fuels.China brid and fullyelectric vehicles to achieve leapfrog can draw on advanced foreign technologies to develop hy development.China should strengthen the research and de velopment of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and aggressively develop mass transit systems by optimizing the structure of the transportation sector and cargo transport distance through the introduction of smart transporta tion systems and advanced networked logistics systems.

关 键 词：汽车节油 减排 燃料经济性 替代燃料 新能源 政策措施 

分 类 号：F426.471[经济管理—产业经济] U467.48[机械工程—车辆工程]