小兴凯湖水质评价  

Evaluation of Water Quality of Xiaoxingkai Lake

作　　者：于淑玲[1,2] 李秀军[1] 李晓宇[1] 文波龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《湿地科学》2013年第4期466-469,共4页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划项目(2012CB956100)资助

摘　　要：利用模糊综合评判法和单项污染指数法,对2012年9月的小兴凯湖水质进行了评价。在小兴凯湖内及其周边河流和农用渠共设置20个采样点,测试了叶绿素a、总氮和总磷等10项水质指标。分析结果表明,各样点水体的叶绿素a含量、总氮含量和总磷含量达到地表水环境质量标准(GB3838—2002)Ⅳ类或Ⅴ类水标准,氨氮含量、高锰酸盐指数、悬浮物含量、硝态氮含量、亚硝态氮含量和溶解氧含量优于Ⅲ类水标准。运用统计学方法,从10项监测指标中筛选出高锰酸盐指数、总氮含量和总磷含量氨氮含量和叶绿素a含量5个指标作为参评因子;在模糊综合评判中,采用污染贡献率方法确定单因子权重系数;模糊综合评判法评价结果表明,水质为Ⅴ类水的采样点占采样点总数的80%,利用单项污染指数法再次验证,得到评价结果与模糊综合评判法基本相同,说明小兴凯湖水体污染较重;对比不同的采样点可以看出,农业污染是影响小兴凯湖水质的重要因素。Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and single pollutant factor method were used to evaluate the water quality of Xiaoxingkai Lake in September, 2012. Twenty sampling sites were set around and inside of the lake, including rivers into the lake and canal for farming. Ten water quality indexes were determined, which included the concentrations of Chlorophyll-a （Chla）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, chemi- cal oxygen demand （CODM~）, ammonia-nitrogen （NH3-N）, nitrate-nitrogen （NO3-N）, nitrite nitrogen （NO2-N）, dissolved oxygen （DO）, and suspended solids （SS） as well as pH. The results showed that the concentrations of Chla, TN and TP in most water samples were accorded with or exceeded class IV of ＂Environmental Quali- ty Standards for Surface Water （GB3838--2002）＂, but the contents of COD^o, NH3-N, NO3-N, NOa-N, DO and SS were better than class III. The five factors were selected from 10 monitoring indices by statistics meth- od as the evaluated factors those were the contents of CODMn, Chla, TN, TP and NH3-N. The weighting coeffi- cient of single factor in fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was calculated by its pollutant contribution to water quality. From the results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, water quality of 80% water samples be- longed to class V. Then the single pollutant factor method was used again to verify the evaluation results, which was basically as same as that of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results suggested the seri- ous pollution of the lake. Compared to the different sample points, agricultural pollution from the farming ca- nals was the more important factor to affect water quality of the lake.

关 键 词：小兴凯湖 水质评价 模糊综合评判法 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]