三峡地区城市与河流关系的时空演化研究  

A research on the spatial-temporal process of relationship between cities and rivers of the Three Gorges Area

作　　者：龚胜生[1] 林月辉[1] 戈大专[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉430079 [2]潍坊工程职业学院建筑工程系,山东青州262500

出　　处：《地理学报》2013年第12期1619-1631,共13页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171408);国家社会科学基金项目(11AZD117;12&ZD145)~~

摘　　要：主要采用历史文献和城市沿革分析,对314BC-AD2013年间三峡地区城市与河流关系的时空演变特征进行宏观分析,结果表明:从时间演变看,战国西汉时期,三峡地区城市主要沿长江干流缓慢增长;东汉隋唐时期,三峡地区城市由长江干流向支流迅速蔓延;宋元明清时期,三峡地区城市沿长江干流调整稳固;民国以来,三峡地区城市主要依托重庆、宜昌两市极化增长;唐代是三峡地区城市发展的分水岭,明清是三峡地区城市格局的成型期,现代则是三峡地区核心城市的极化期。从空间分布看,2300年来,以城址论,三峡地区共出现过61个城市,其中71%的城市分布于长江干流沿岸,73%的城市分布于两河交汇处,82%的城市分布于海拔300 m以下的河谷地带,小河流域城市多从河流下游向上游拓展。总体来看,三峡地区的城市发展体现了其由易到难、由低到高、溯江而上的区域开发时序。Based on historical documents of urban evolution, this paper makes a macro-analysis of the spatial-temporal evolution of the city-river relationships in the Three Gorges Area during the period 314BC-AD2013. The conclusions can be drawn as follows. From temporal evolution, in the stage from the Warring States to the Western Han Dynasty （475BC-AD8）, cities in the Three Gorges Area grew slowly along the ~mgtze River Mainstream; in the period from the Eastern Han to Sui and Tang dynasties （25-906）, cities there spread rapidly from the Yangtze River Mainstream to its tributaries; in the epoch from the Song through Yuan and Ming to Qing dynasties （960-1911）, cities there consolidated their distribution mainly along the Yangtze River Mainstream; and since then, from 1912 to 2013, cities there increased aggregately around central districts of core cities of both Chongqing and Yichang; therefore the Tang Dynasty （618-906） was the turning point of urban evolution of the Three Gorges Area, while the Ming and Qing dynasties （1368-1911） were the shaping stage of urban pattern, and contemporary era （1912-2013） is the polarization phase of the core cities. In terms of the spatial distribution, according to the site of cities, a total of 61 cities at the county level emerged in the Three Gorges Area during the past 22;00 years, of which, 71% were distributed along the Yangtze River Mainstream, 73% on the junction of rivers, and 82% in the valley below an altitude of 300 m. Moreover, the evolution of cities in a small watershed usually tended to spread from downstream to upstream of the river. As a whole, the urban evolution in this area reflects the fact that a region is developed generally based on natural conditions, such as from lower to higher altitude and from downstream to upstream.

关 键 词：城市-河流关系 时空演化 三峡地区 长江干流 长江支流 

分 类 号：P942[天文地球—自然地理学]