金雕巢期行为谱及时间分配  

Ethogram and time budget of golden eagle during breeding season in Tianshan Mts.

作　　者：赵序茅[1,2] 马鸣[1] 丁鹏 张同[1] 克德尔汗.巴亚恒 邢睿[1] 黄亚慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]新疆环境保护科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [4]新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州林业局,新疆博乐833400

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2013年第6期1084-1089,共6页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：香港观鸟会中国自然保育基金;国家自然科学基金项目(30970340;31272291)

摘　　要：2010年7～9月、2011年4～9月、2012年7月，采用焦点动物取样法，累计对新疆西北部别珍套山和阿拉套山巢期的5对金雕（Aquila chrysaetos）及其雏乌观测89d，行为记录911h。制成金雕的行为谱，将各行为分为12类46种，并进行了相关描述。依据巢期的不同阶段（孵化期和育雏期）统计出各行为的时间分配：孵化期，亲鸟行为以孵卵为主（95．28％）；育雏期，亲乌的各行为时间分配依次为，离巢（77．81％）、护幼（18．5％）、喂食（2．64％）、警戒（1．05％），在育雏期的前（0～3周）、中（3～6周）、后（6～雏乌离巢）阶段，护幼、喂食、离巢的时间分配差异极其显著（P〈0．01）。雏鸟各行为时间分配依次为，休息（68．73％）、警戒（21．41％）、取食（5．56％）、运动（4．28％）、保养（1．02％）。育雏期的前、中、后阶段，雏乌的休息、警戒和运动行为的时间分配差异极其显著（P〈0．01）。行为时间分配的差异，主要受不同阶段金雕能量需求、身体发育状况的影响。From July to September of 2010, April to August of 2011 and July of 2012, the behaviors of 5 pairs of golden eagle （ Aquila chrysaetos ） in breeding season were investigated by focal sampling method in Mt. Biezhentaw and Mt. Alataw （the Tianshan Mts.） of Xinjiang. An ethogram of the golden eagle was presented and as many as 46 behaviors grouped under 12 categories were described and defined, including hatching, maintenance, locomotion, vigilance, caring, feeding, eating, off-nest and resting. In order to describe time budget of golden eagle the breeding season was divided into incubation （41-44 days） and parent care period （67-84 days）. During the incubation peri od, hatching behavior was the most prevalent, accounting for 95.28% of the parents＇ time followed by maintenance （1.03%）, locomotion （1.29%）, off-nest （0.40%） and vigilance （2.1%）. While during parent care period, the off-nest that occurred mostly time of the parents was 77.81%, followed by caring （18.5%）, feeding （2.64%）, vigi- lance （1.05%）. During the first stage （0-3 weeks）, second stage （3-6 weeks） and last stage （6 weeks-end） of this period there were significant difference （p 〈 0.01 ） in time budget of off-nest, caring, and feeding. At the 5 sites that hatched young, female eagles spent a significantly greater portion of the day incubation （77.4%） than males did （22.6%） （p 〈 0.01 ）. The time budget of nesting behaviors was in turn： resting （68.73%）, vigilance （21.41%）, lo comotion （4.28%）, and maintenance （1.02%）. During the three phases of the period, there were significant differ ences （p 〈 0.01 ） in time budget of all behaviors except for maintenance. The time budget was related to the birds＇ state, energy needs and physical condition during different breeding phases and affected by the weather condition. The nesting growth was the main reason causing caring and feeding behavior of the parents and the nestling physical condition in different

关 键 词：金雕 行为谱 时间分配 猛禽 别珍套山 阿拉套山(天山) 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]