植物GPATs基因研究进展  

sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) in plants

作　　者：刘聪[1] 肖旦望 施春霖[1] 胡学芳[1] 邬克彬[1] 官春云[1,2] 熊兴华[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学作物基因工程湖南省重点实验室,长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学国家油料改良中心湖南分中心,长沙410128

出　　处：《遗传》2013年第12期1352-1359,共8页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划("863"计划)项目(编号:2012AA101107-3);湖南省科技厅项目(编号:06FJ4264;07RS4014)资助

摘　　要：甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶(Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase,GPAT)是三酰甘油(Triacylglycerol,TAG)生物合成的限速酶,催化TAG生物合成的起始步骤。GPATs主要负责将脂肪酰基从酰基-酰基载体蛋白(acyl-ACP)或酰基辅酶A(acyl-CoA)上转移到甘油-3-磷酸的(Glycerol-3-phosphate,G3P)sn-1位置上。有些成员还具有sn-2酰基转移活性。目前已经在多种植物中克隆得到了GPAT基因。这些GPAT基因编码的酶主要分为三类,它们在细胞中分别定位于质体、线粒体和内质网上。这些酶参与三酰甘油、几丁质和软木脂等多种脂质的生物合成,在植物的生长发育中发挥着非常重要的作用。文章介绍了植物GPAT基因的染色体定位和基因结构以及GPAT酶的亚细胞定位、sn-2酰基转移特异性、GPAT酶的底物选择性及其生理功能的最新研究进展。sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase （GPAT） catalyzes the acylation at sn-1 position of glycerol-3- phosphate to produce lysophosphatidic acid （LPA） in an acyl-CoA or acyl-ACP-dependent manner, which is the initial and rate-determining step of TAG biosynthetic pathway. Some GPATs have sn-2 transfer activity. Part members of the GPAT gene family have been cloned from different plant species. Based on their subcellular localizations, GPATs can be classified into three types, plastid GPATs, mitochondria GPATs and endoplasmic reticulum GPATs. GPATs exhibit diverse biochemical properties and are involved in synthesis of several lipids such as TAG, suberin, and cutin which play important roles in the growth and development of plants. This review summarized the current understanding of the chromosomal locus and gene structure of GPAT genes and the subcellular localization, sn-2 regiospecificity, substrates specialty, and functions of GPATs in plants.

关 键 词：GPAT基因 底物选择性 sn-2特异性 GPAT功能 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]