大兴安岭北部天然次生林枯落物及土壤水文功能研究  

Research on Litter and Soil Hydrology Functions of Natural Secondary Forests in North of Da Xing'an Mountains

作　　者：田野宏[1] 满秀玲[1] 李奕[1] 盛后财[1] 段亮亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第6期113-118,129,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"大兴安岭森林流域水文过程对植被和气候变化的响应"(31170420)

摘　　要：对大兴安岭北部4种天然次生林枯落物及土壤水文功能进行研究,结果表明:不同森林类型枯落物厚度与蓄积量差异较大,山杨林枯落物厚度和蓄积量均为最大。4种林型枯落物蓄积量变化范围为8.13~18.42t/hm2,大小排序为山杨林>山杨+白桦林>白桦+落叶松林>白桦林。枯落物厚度在49.33~61.67mm之间。枯落物最大持水量为55.65~89.01t/hm2,山杨+白桦林最高,且枯落物半分解层持水量显著大于未分解层。枯落物平均有效拦蓄量为37.86t/hm2,大小排序为山杨林>白桦+落叶松林>山杨+白桦林>白桦林。各林型土壤层非毛管孔隙度大小排序为山杨林>白桦+落叶松林>山杨+白桦林>白桦林,山杨林最高,达16.96%。土壤层有效持水量在228.69~339.14t/hm2之间,白桦林最低,山杨林最高,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01),且随土层加深迅速减少。土壤初渗、稳渗速率差异较小,稳渗速率变化在0.15~0.33mm/min之间。林地有效持水量变化范围为261.88~381.59t/hm2,大小排序为山杨林>白桦+落叶松林>山杨+白桦林>白桦林。Litter and soil hydrological functions of four types of natural secondary forests was studied in the north of Da Xing^an Mountains. The results showed that, the differences in thickness and storage capacity of litter under different forest types were significant. The litter thickness and storage capacity of Populus da- vidiana were the largest. The litter storage capacity of four forest types ranged from 8.13 t/hm2 to 18.42 t/hm2 , the order was Populus davidiana 〉mixed Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla 〉mixed Bet- ula platyphylla and Larix gmelinii 〉Betula platyphylla. The litter thickness ranged from 49.33 mm to 61.67 mm. The maximum water-holding capacity of litter ranged from 55.65 t/hm2 to 89.01 t/hm2 , mixed Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla was the largest. The water-holding capacity in semi-decomposed layer was significantly larger than that in undecomposed layer. The order of effective holding-capacity was Populus davidiana ~mixed Betula platyphylla and Larix gmelinii 〉mixed Populus davidiana and Betula platyphylla 〉Betula platyphylla, the average was 37.86 t/hm2. The order of non-capillary porosity was the same as effective holding-capacity of litter, Populus davidiana was the largest, the value was 16.96%. The water-holding capacity of soil layer ranged from 228.69 t/hm2 to 339.14 t/hm2 , Betula platyphylla was the lowest, while Populus davidiana was the highest, the difference was highly significant （P〈0. 01）. With the rapid decline in soil depth, the differences in rate of soil initial infiltration and steady infiltration were not obvious, steady infiltration rate ranged from 0.15 mm/min to 0.33 mm/min. The effective water- holding capacity of forest land ranged from 261.88 t/hm2 to 381.59 t/hm2 , and the order was Populus da- vidiana 〉mixed Betula platyphylla and Larix gmelinii 〉mixed Populus davidiana and Betula platyphyl- la 〉Betula platyphylla.

关 键 词：大兴安岭 天然次生林 枯落物 土壤 水文功能 

分 类 号：S715.7[农业科学—林学]