有机无机肥配施条件下稻田系统温室气体交换及综合温室效应分析  

Effect of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Greenhouse Gases Exchange and Comprehensive Global Warming Potential in Paddy Fields

作　　者：李波[1] 荣湘民[1] 谢桂先[1] 张玉平[1] 周亮[1] 张宇[1] 王心星[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室,农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室,植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,长沙410128

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第6期298-304,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD15B04);湖南省教育厅资助课题(11K034)

摘　　要：采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定水稻(Oryza sativa)生长期内不同有机无机肥配施条件下双季稻田CH4、N2O的排放量,并根据土壤有机碳库和植株碳素累积量的变化估算稻田CO2净交换通量。结果表明:稻田CH4与N2O的排放之间存在消长关系,CH4是稻田排放的主要温室气体。有机无机肥配施能有效促进稻田CH4的排放和CO2的固定,而对N2O的排放并没有造成显著影响。各处理的综合增温潜势均为负值,表现为减缓温室效应的趋势,其中DF(猪粪堆肥+化肥)和ZYF(沼渣沼液肥+化肥)处理减缓综合温室效应的潜力较CF(纯化肥)处理分别提升了16.43%和5.89%。从全年稻季单位产量的GWP来看,DF、ZYF处理的单位产量全球增温潜势(GWP)分别为-0.37,-0.38kg/kg,与CF(纯化肥)处理大小相当。施用猪粪堆肥和沼渣沼液肥既可以促进作物增产,又可以相对增加稻田生态系统对温室气体的固定量,对减缓温室气体排放潜力巨大,值得推荐。The emissions of CH4 and N2O from paddy fields under different combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers were measured by static chamber-gas chromatograph during growth period in 2012, and soil CO2 net flux was estimated with the changes of soil organic and plant carbon. The results showed that the emission of CH4 was negatively correlated with N2O. CH4 was the main greenhouse gas in paddy fields. Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could promote the emission of CH4 and the fixation of CO2, but it had no significant impact on the emission of N2O. The trend to slow down the green- house effect was shown with the negative values of the comprehensive warming potential of all the treat- ments. Compared with CF （chemical fertilizer treatment）, the potential to slow the GWP （Global warming potential） of DF （pig manure compost and chemical fertilizer） and ZYF （biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer） increased by 16.43% and 5. 89% respectively. And the GWP of unit yield of DF and ZYF were --0. 37 kg · kg-1 and --0.38 kg · kg-1 respectively, which was similar to CF. So it indicated that DF and ZYF were the optimized fertilizers which could coordinate the relationship between economic benefit and environmental risk.

关 键 词：稻田 CO2 CH4 N2O 有机无机肥配施 GWP 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]