云南程海湖可培养真菌多样性分析  

Diversity of Cultivable Fungi Isolated from the Chenghai Lake in Yunnan Province

作　　者：晋方佑[1] 李治滢[1] 王永霞[1] 董明华[1] 严亚萍[1] 李绍兰[1] 杨丽源[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学云南省微生物研究所,昆明650091

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2013年第6期1025-1030,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160006);云南省科技条件平台建设计划项目(2009DA002);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(09Z0006)资助~~

摘　　要：对具有特殊环境的高原湖泊程海及其周边土壤中真菌的多样性及生态分布进行研究,并分析湖水理化因子与真菌数量的关系.用经典形态学方法鉴定真菌,并分析不同生境的真菌多样性、均匀度及相似性;用软件IBM SPSS Statistics 19对冬季湖水8个样点的理化因子与真菌数量进行Pearson相关性分析和显著性检验,分析湖水理化因子对真菌数量的影响.分离到的1 760株真菌中,有1 504株产孢,鉴定为98个属,优势属为曲霉属(Aspergillus)和青霉属(Penicillium),分离频率分别为14.89%和12.39%.多样性指数和均匀度指数分析表明,春季土壤和冬季底泥中真菌的多样性最高,其Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数分别为2.917 7、0.907 4和2.910 7、0.918 5,而冬季湖水的均匀度最高,为0.793 1.相似性系数显示,冬季湖水和冬季底泥的真菌菌群相似性最高,它们之间的Jaccard指数和Sorenson指数分别为0.365 4和0.535 2.Pearson相关性分析发现,温度、总氮、总硬度与真菌数量呈正相关;pH、电导率、浊度、总磷、总有机碳与真菌数量呈负相关;显著性检验显示,这8项理化因子与真菌数量的相关性均不显著.本研究表明程海湖存在大量的真菌资源,并具有丰富的真菌多样性,为程海真菌的活性筛选和代谢产物研究奠定了基础.The aims of this study were to investigate the fungal diversity and the ecological distribution of these fungi in the plateau lake and surrounding soil, to analyze the relations between fungi quality and the physical and chemical factors of lake water. Fungi were identified with classical morphological method. In Addition, fungal diversity, evenness and similarity in different habitats were analyzed. Software IBM SPSS Statistics 19 was used to carry out Pearson correlation analysis and significance test on the physical and chemical factors as well as fungi quantity from 8 winter water samples. Among the total 1 760 strains isolated, 1 504 sporogenous strains were identified as 98 genera. The dominant genera were Aspergillus and Penicillium, with isolation frequency 14.89% and 12.39%, respectively. Both fungal species （65 genera） and isolation frequency （60.13%） were the highest in the spring soil. The analysis of diversity and evenness index showed that fungi in the spring soil and the winter sediment had the highest diversity, with Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index as 2.917 7, 0.907 4 and 2.910 7, 0.918 5, respectively; the evenness index of winter lake water was the largest （0.793 1）. Similarity coefficient revealed that fungal similarity between winter lake water and winter sediment was the highest, with Jaccard index and Sorenson index 0.365 4 and 0.535 2, separately. Pearson correlation analysis showed that temperature, total nitrogen, total hardness were positively correlated with fungi quantity, whereas pH, conductivity, turbidity, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon were negatively correlated with fungi quantity. Significance test showed that eight physical and chemical factors were not significantly related to fungi quantity. The investigation suggested that a large number of fungi exist in great diversity in the Chenghai Lake and surrounding soil. The results laid the foundation for subsequent activity screening and metabolic product research.

关 键 词：高原湖泊 淡水真菌 土壤真菌 多样性 相关性分析 

分 类 号：Q938.8[生物学—微生物学]