应用Faecalibacterium菌示踪水环境粪便污染研究进展  

Application of Faecalibacterium as Index Bacteria of Feces in Water

作　　者：段传人[1] 刘爱喜[1] 郑国铝[2] 王贵学[1] 高旭[3] 郭劲松[4] 孙达[1] 聂磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学生物工程学院/生物流变科学与技术教育部重点实验室,重庆400044 [2]美国密苏里林肯大学农业与环境学院,杰斐逊65211 [3]重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院,重庆400045 [4]中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院,重庆401120

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2013年第6期1073-1078,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAJ25B06;2012BAJ25B09)资助~~

摘　　要：Faecalibacterium菌是人和动物肠道中的优势菌,利用不同宿主内Faecalibacterium菌16S rDNA的特异性,构建其16S rDNA文库,分析Faecalibaterium菌群中16S rDNA序列多样性及与宿主的相关性,筛选16S rDNA中存在的宿主特异性片段设计引物,采用定量PCR的检测方法,可以区分水域环境中粪便污染的来源.与传统水体粪便污染的检测方法相比,该方法具有灵敏度更高、更准确、更快速的优点,并且选用Faecalibacterium菌作为粪便污染指示菌,具有能够示踪不同污染源的突出优势.本文概述了Faecalibacterium菌的生物学特性,介绍了其作为水体指示菌的优点及检测方法,应用该方法可以区分不同种类动物的粪便来源,并且稳定性较好,可以作为饮用水、生活污水、湖泊、河流等水体污染的检测指标.Faecalibacterium菌在粪便污染的水质监测中正逐渐受到重视,美国政府已经把Faecalibaterium菌检测方法纳入饮用水的辅助检测项目之中.今后,传统检测法与Faecalibacterium菌检测法相互结合更能准确反映水环境的实际污染状况,可极大地弥补传统粪便污染示踪微生物的缺陷,为水环境治理提供依据.Faecalibacterium is a kind of dominant bacterium in human and animal intestines. The genes of Faecalibacterium in different hosts have apparent differences. Therefore Faecalibacterium can be used to determine the source of feces, by specificity of Faecalibacterium 16S rDNA in different hosts and quantitative PCR determination method. Compared to traditional aquatic fecal test method, Faecalibacterium has the advantages of higher sensitivity, more accuracy, and shorter time. Choosing Faecalibacterium as the fecal pollution index bacterium can even track different pollution sources, which is superior to the traditional index bacteria, such as Fecal coliform, E. coli, and Enterococcus. This method also compensates for the disadvantages of other traditional microbes. Thus, Faecalibacterium can be used as a detection index for drinking water, domestic sewerage, lake, and river. Faecalibacterium method has received increasing attention for water quality monitoring. The U.S. government has put it as an auxiliary detecting project in drinking water. This paper summarizes the advantages of using Faecalibacterium in tracing the source of water fecal pollution, reviews the method and the application of using Faecalibacterium in aquatic environment, predicts its application in the future, and proposes an accurate way to track feces sources by combining the traditional microbes and Faecalibacterium methods.

关 键 词：Faecalibacterium 微生物源示踪 水质监测 生物标记 宿主特异性 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]