地面滴灌对107杨人工林根系分布的影响  

A Study on Distribution of Root System of Populus × euramericana cv.‘74/76' Plantation with Ground Drip Irrigation

作　　者：傅建平[1] 兰再平[1] 孙尚伟[1] 刘俊琴[1] 张勇 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院世界银行项目办公室,北京100091 [2]北京市大兴区林场,北京102602

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2013年第6期766-772,共7页Forest Research

基　　金：国家林业局引进国际先进林业科学技术项目"速生丰产林自动化节水灌溉与高效栽培管理技术引进"(2009-4-48)

摘　　要：为了探索地面滴灌栽培107杨(Populus×euramericana cv.‘74/76’)人工林根系的生长和发育特征及分布规律,采用全挖法和分层分段挖掘法对北京市永定河故道沙地滴灌栽培和常规栽培的2年生杨树个体和林分根系进行了全面调查,系统分析了2种栽培条件下杨树个体和林分根系的数量、长度和生物量及其垂直和水平分布规律。结果表明:(1)滴灌栽培杨树的主根分布深度仅为1.3 m,而常规栽培杨树的主根分布深度达到4.5 m;滴灌栽培杨树根系行间方向分布范围是常规栽培的1.8倍,顺行方向分布范围是常规栽培的1.2倍;滴灌栽培杨树侧根数量是常规栽培的2.0倍。(2)滴灌栽培杨树个体根系总长和生物量分别是常规栽培的1.8倍和1.2倍,主根和Ⅰ级侧根的总长和生物量与常规栽培近乎相同,而Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级侧根的总长和生物量则远远大于常规栽培。(3)滴灌栽培杨树林分根系总长和生物量分别是常规栽培的2.0、1.1倍,径级在5≤D<10 mm、10≤D<15 mm和D≥15 mm的根总长和生物量与常规栽培相近,而径级在D<1 mm和1≤D<5 mm的根总长和生物量远大于常规栽培。(4)滴灌栽培和常规栽培杨树的根系均主要分布在0 40 cm的土层内,滴灌栽培4/5和常规栽培2/3的根系特别是吸收根(D<1 mm)分布在0 20 cm深的土层内。(5)滴灌栽培和常规栽培杨树林分的吸收根主要分布在距离树干基部0 1.0 m的范围内,滴灌栽培杨树林分的吸收根主要分布在株间方向(滴灌带铺设方向),常规栽培杨树林分的吸收根则相对均匀分布在树体四周。Aiming at studying the growth and development of root system as well as its distribution of poplar planta- tion with ground drip irrigation cultivation （DIC）, a comprehensive survey was conducted with methods of digging out whole root system of individual and digging out root pieces in different vertical and horizontal locations in the soil of 2-year-old poplar plantation with DIC and conventional irrigation cultivation （CIC） at sandy land of the former Yongding River watercourse in Beijing. A systematic analysis was made on the quantity, length and biomass of indi- vidual and stand root system as well as their vertical and horizontal distribution characteristics under the two cultiva- tion conditions. The conclusions of study are as follows ： （ 1 ） The depth of poplar taproot with DIC is 1.3 m, while that with CIC is 4.5 m, the distribution range of lateral roots of poplar CIC in direction along row and cross row, respectively. The quantity of with DIC is 1.8 times and 1.2 times that of lateral roots of poplar with DIC is 2.0 times that of with CIC. （2） The total length and biomass of individual root system of poplar with DIC is 1.8 times and 1.2 times that of with CIC respectively, while the total length and biomass of taproot and level-I lateral roots of poplar with DIC are similar to those with CIC, and the total length and biomass of level-II lateral roots and level-III lateral roots of poplar with DIC are far more than those with CIC. （3） The stand root system and biomass of poplar with DIC is 2.0 times and 1.1 times that of with CIC respectively, while the total length and biomass of the roots with diame- ter of 5 ~〈 D 〈 10 mm, 10 〈~ D 〈 15 mm and D 〉I 15 mm of poplar stand with DIC are similar to those with CIC, and the total length and biomass of the roots with diameter of D 〈 1 mm and 1 ~〈 D 〈 5 mm of poplar stand with DIC are far more than those with CIC. （4） The root system of poplar stand with both DIC and CIC mainly distributes in the soil with the depth of

关 键 词：地面滴灌 107杨 根系 分布 生物量 

分 类 号：S725.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]