栅格分布式水文模型在高寒区日流量模拟中的应用  

Distributed hydrological model based on grid and its application to daily runoff simulation for high-cold region

作　　者：王斌[1] 王贵作[2] 黄金柏[3] 宫兴龙[1] 孙颖娜[4] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与建筑学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]水利部发展研究中心,北京100038 [3]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009 [4]黑龙江大学水利电力学院,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2013年第6期36-42,共7页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51009026;41271046);黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(12531024);东北农业大学科研启动基金资助项目(2010RCB66;2012RCB57);黑龙江省博士后资助经费(LRH-Z10248;LBH-Z12041)

摘　　要：针对我国高寒区水文模型研制中基础数据缺乏、现有数据时空分辨率不高、蒸散发和积雪融雪难于定量计算等问题,联合应用降水量、流量、气象、DEM、NDVI、土地覆盖等多源数据,汲取Shuttleworth-Wallace模型双源蒸散发计算优势以及Sacramento模型产流计算思想,通过搭建蒸散发模块、积雪融雪模块、产流模块和汇流模块,兼顾蓄满机制和下渗过程,构建了基于栅格的分布式水文模型。实例应用结果表明,基于栅格的分布式水文模型在模拟欧根河流域日流量时确定性系数较高,为高寒区的水文模拟提供了一种新的流域水文模型。There exist several problems in the development of hydrological models for high-cold regions in China, such as data deficiency, low spatiotemporal resolution of existing data, and difficulty in quantitative description of evapotranspiration and snowmelt. This study developed a distributed hydrological model based on grid by using DEM, NDVI, land cover data and daily precipitation, flow discharge, meteorological data. This model adopts a double-source evapotranspiration of Shuttleworth-Wallace model advantageous in calculations and a runoff calculation method on the pervious area of Sacramento model, and integrates the coupling of evapotranspiration-module, snow cover/melt-module, runoff module and convergence module. The results show that it achieves a relatively high Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency in the simulation of daily runoff process for the Ogen River basin and it would provide a new approach to hydrological modeling of high-cold region.

关 键 词：水文学 栅格分布式水文模型 萨克拉门托模型 Shuttleworth—Wallace模型 高寒区 

分 类 号：P333.9[天文地球—水文科学]