冲击式水轮机最大水锤压力控制工况研究  

Control condition of maximum water hammer of impulse turbine

作　　者：游秋森[1] 赖旭[1] 李婷婷[1] 钟全胜 梁斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中南勘测设计研究院,长沙410000

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2013年第6期267-271,282,共6页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(51039005);国家自然青年基金(50909076)

摘　　要：通过理论分析得到了能够反映冲击式水轮机喷嘴相对开度与喷针相对行程关系的近似公式,采用喷嘴工作特性试验结果与多种机型的模型特性曲线验证了该公式的准确性。该公式比目前的线性喷嘴过流公式更能反映喷嘴的过流特性。在此基础上,针对冲击式水轮机最大水锤压力并非出现在额定工况的现象,提出一种水锤坐标分析方法,得到喷针直线关闭规律下最大水锤压力的控制工况及其解析计算公式。This paper presents an approximate formula for calculation of the relationship between relative nozzle opening and relative needle stroke of an impulse turbine. This formula has been verified by the experimental data of nozzle performance and the synthetic performance diagram of several model turbines. It reflects the behaviors of nozzle flow better than the existing linear flow formula. We put forth an analysis method of water hammer coordinate （AMWHC） to consider the fact that the highest water hammer pressure does not happen in the rated working condition. By this method, the control working condition of maximum water hammer pressure under linear needle closing was determined and an analytical formula of this maximum pressure was obtained.

关 键 词：水力机械 冲击式水轮机 喷嘴流量特性 水锤坐标分析法 直线关闭 最大水锤 

分 类 号：TK735.1[交通运输工程—轮机工程]