如何拯救收缩的城市:英国老工业城市转型经验及启示  

How to Save the Shrinking Cities: Old Industrial Cities' Transition in the UK

作　　者：杨东峰[1] 殷成志[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学城市规划系 [2]清华大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2013年第6期50-56,共7页Urban Planning International

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金(2013020153);教育部人文社会科学基金(13YJCZH222);中央高校基本科研业务费人文社科科研专题(DUT12RW430)联合资助

摘　　要：如何拯救深陷"收缩"困境的老工业城市,成为一项极具挑战性的任务。在当今西方国家的城市化进程中,受经济转型、资源枯竭、郊区化等诸多因素影响,一些传统老工业城市呈现出日益严峻的收缩现象,并引发一系列复杂的社会问题。基于全球化挑战—地方响应策略的理论分析表明,如何促进日渐"收缩"的老工业城市实现顺利转型,对长期以来增长管理为导向的城市规划传统理论提出了严峻的挑战,并且体现为全球化背景下,企业家主义或环境主义的地方响应范式之争。针对英国曼彻斯特和利兹的案例比较发现,尽管前者采取的企业家主义导向经济复兴战略加剧了经济增长与环境保护之间的矛盾冲突,但是后者尝试超越企业家主义范式的新探索带来了实现经济—环境双赢的新希望,且近年来可持续城市的理论探索也逐渐形成了新的发展方向。通过英国老工业城市转型的理论分析与实践比较,为我国的老工业城市发展转型提供了诸多的有益启示。How to save the shrinking cities becomes one of the most difficult tasks in achieving sustainable urbanization. In the process of urbanization of the western countries, due to various factors such as economy transition, resource exhaustion, suburbanization and etc, many old industrial cities are lost in shrinking predicament which causes complex social problems. The theoretical analyzes from aspects of global challenges and local response shows that transition of shrinking cities has provoked the traditional urban planning theory focusing on growth management, which is reflected in the paradigm dilemmas between entrepreneurialism and environmentalism. The case studies of Manchester and Leeds in the UK demonstrate that although Manchester＇s renaissance strategic planning guided by entrepreneurialism paradigm led to increasing contradiction between economy growth and environment protection, Leeds＇ attempt to exceed traditional entrepreneurialism paradigm has brought about new prospect of integrating economy and environment issues, and that theory of sustainable cities also gives new chance to cope with problems of shrinking cities. The experiences of western shrinking cities can offer some guiding principles to old industrial cities＇ transition in China.

关 键 词：老工业城市 收缩城市 转型 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]