4592例小儿腹泻的病原体分析  

Analysis on pathogenic distribution of 4 592 children with diarrhea disease

作　　者：李超强[1] 朱凯欣[1] 黄美燕[1] 李丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学东华医院检验科,广东东莞523110

出　　处：《检验医学与临床》2013年第24期3303-3304,3307,共3页Laboratory Medicine and Clinic

摘　　要：目的：了解东莞地区小儿腹泻的病原体分布及流行特征。方法收集2010年1月至2012年12月腹泻小儿粪便标本4592例，采用胶体金免疫层析法检测轮状病毒（HRV），培养法分离病原菌。结果（1）2103例病原体阳性，阳性率为45．8％，其中 HRV 1778例，细菌264例，真菌42例，HRV合并细菌感染15例，寄生虫4例。（2）腹泻小儿 HRV总阳性率为39．0％，其中男性39．5％，女性38．3％，性别之间阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0．74，P＞0．05）；HRV腹泻主要发生于10～12月，其阳性率高于52．0％，高发年龄为7～36个月。（3）沙门菌和志贺菌是细菌性腹泻中主要致病菌，检出164例，占58．8％（164/279），每年6～8月高发，多见于1～5岁的小儿；（4）条件致病菌性腹泻的病例每年常见，铜绿假单胞菌和变形杆菌为常见的条件致病菌。结论小儿腹泻病原体繁多，HRV腹泻秋冬季最常见，细菌性腹泻夏季最常见。加强腹泻小儿粪便中病原体检测，对临床早诊断、早治疗和预防并发症有重要意义。Objective To explore distribution and epidemic trend of pathogen in children′s diarrhea in Dong-guan area .Methods Stool specimens from 4 596 children with diarrhea were collected from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012 , colloidal gold test and culture were used to detect human rotavirus （HRV ） antigen and pathogenic bacteria . Results （1）2 103 specimens in 4 592 cases were positive （45 .8% ） including HRV 1 778 ,bacteria 264 ,fungi 42 , HRV with bacteria 15 ,parasite 4 .（2）The HRV positive rate was 39 .0% ,male 39 .5% and female 38 .3% .Between the sexes positive rate difference was not significant （χ2 =0 .74 ,P〉0 .05） .HRV diarrhea mostly occured from Oct .to Dec .which was all over 52 .0% .Diarrhea happened mostly at the age from 7 months to 36 months old .（3）164 strains of salmonella and shigella were detected in bacteria diarrhea ,occuped 58 .8% （164/279） ,and it mostly happened from June to August and at the age of 1 to 5 years old .（4）Pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus proteus were common in conditional pathogenic bacteria ,easily find out every year .Conclusion The pathogen in children with diarrhea is com-plicated .HRV diarrhea is very common in Autumn and Winter ,the peak season of bacteria diarrhea is in summer . Strengthening examination of pathogen in the stool of children with diarrhea is very important to the clinical early di-agnosis ,the immediate cure and the prevention for complications .

关 键 词：小儿 腹泻 轮状病毒 细菌 真菌 

分 类 号：R759[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]