日本“311”海啸对江苏北部沿海影响分析  

Impact of “311”Japan tsunami on northern Jiangsu coast

作　　者：袁春光[1] 王义刚[1] 黄惠明[1] 蔡辉[1] 陈橙[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学海岸灾害及防护教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《海洋工程》2013年第6期68-75,共8页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAB03B01);江苏省自然科学基金青年基金项目(BK2012411);南京水利科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(YN912001)

摘　　要：北京时间2011年3月11日13时46分日本东北部发生里氏9.0级强烈地震,江苏北部的灌河口潮位站正好记录下海啸期间的潮位资料。由于以往对海啸波动的过滤提取方法不统一,而且人为因素影响较大,误差积累影响了后续科研工作的进行。提出综合利用小波能谱、功率谱和滤波分析等方法结合海啸识别结果来提取海啸波的方法,并且成功提取出灌河口站海啸波的周期范围、影响时间和最大波峰。同时采用COMCOT海啸数学模型,讨论了江苏沿海海啸波传播方式,解释了灌河口潮位站海啸波最大波峰未出现在第一波的原因,是因为江苏北部山东半岛特殊的地形使得在黄海传播的海啸波发生反射,与之前的波动产生叠加效果导致的。分析结果表明:江苏沿海由于海啸直接引起的海啸波不高,但是海啸波叠加之后,最大波高却是之前的2倍,因此在海啸预报中应该全面考虑地理位置特点,分析海啸波运动的反射叠加等特征,从而提高预报质量。At 1：46 PM, March 11th, 2011, a nine degree earthquake shocked the northeastern part of Japan. Guanhe estuary tide lev- el observation station in the north of Jiangsu province happened to record the information about the tide level caused by the tsunami. Because of the ununiformity of the methodology used in filtering and extracting of the tsunami wave, as well as the great human influ- ence, error accumulation hinders the further proceeding of the research. Here we propose a comprehensive method using wavelet energy spectrum analysis, power spectrum analysis and filtering analysis to extract tsunami wave. With this method, the wave length, influen- cing time and max peak of tsunami wave at Guanhe estuary are successfully extracted. We also use COMCOT model for tsunami wave, discuss the way tsunami wave spreading along the coast, and explain the reason why the max peak doesn＇t appear at the first shock： the characteristics of the terrain of North Jiangsu and Shandong Peninsula reflect the wave propagating in the Yellow Sea, which superposes the original wave. The results show that the wave caused by tsunami directly in Jiangsu coast is not high ; however, after tsunami wave superposing, the maximum wave height is 2 times than before. Thus we should consider the geographical features comprehensively and the reflection superposition of tsunami wave in order to improve forecast quality.

关 键 词：海啸 海啸波分离 江苏沿海 海啸波反射叠加 

分 类 号：P731.25[天文地球—海洋科学]