拉丁美洲经济:从衰退到繁荣  

Latin American Economy:From Recession to Prosperity

作　　者：苏振兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2013年第6期7-18,79,共12页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：2003～2008年，拉美经济经历了一轮强劲扩张，这得益于世界经济的强劲增长、中国及亚洲新兴经济体对拉美能源及原材料的巨大需求、贸易比价的大幅改善以及海外劳工汇款的大幅增加。2008年国际金融危机对拉美经济造成冲击，出口收入大幅下降，但由于大部分拉美国家已经建立了比较稳固的金融体系、积累了可观的外汇储备，通过实施反周期的刺激政策，拉美经济很快就开始复苏并步入正常增长的轨道。近10年来拉美经济之所以能够由衰退转向繁荣，除了得益于良好的外部环境外，拉美国家自身经济政策的重大调整也是不可或缺的重要因素：拉美国家普遍实施了强调增收节支与可持续增长的财政政策、着眼于抑制通胀与货币升值压力的货币政策、注重提高国际竞争力的产业政策以及重视包容性增长的社会政策。未来拉美经济还将面临多方面的挑战：出口收益下降，制造业缺乏国际竞争力，投资率偏低，社会挑战依然严峻。From 2003 to 2008,Latin America witnessed a cycle of fast economic growth thanks to rapid growth of world economy,strong global demand for energy resources and raw materials,a remarkable improvement of terms of trade for regional countries,and a sharp rise of remittance received by regional countries.The 2008 financial crisis imposed an impact on the region and caused a significant decrease of export revenue.But it is proved that most regional countries were able to meet the challenge.Depending on well-founded financial institution and rather large foreign reserve,they adopted anti-cyclical policy to achieve economic resurgence and economic growth.It is noteworthy that the above-mentioned cycle is also a result of the policy mix in regional countries.Generally they pursued a fiscal policy based on increasing income and reducing expenditure,a monetary policy curbing inflation and revaluation of currency,an industrial policy of boosting international competitiveness,and a societal policy focusing on inclusive growth.

关 键 词：拉美经济 财政政策 货币政策 产业政策 包容性增长 

分 类 号：F173[经济管理—世界经济]