巴西气候变化政策的演变及其影响因素  

Brazil's Policy on Climate Change:Its Changes and Major Causes

作　　者：贺双荣[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所 [2]中国社会科学院国际关系研究室

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2013年第6期26-32,80,共7页Journal of Latin American Studies

基　　金：2012年国家科技支撑计划课题"气候变化与国家安全战略的关键技术研究"(2012BAC20B06)的支持

摘　　要：巴西在气候变化问题上的认知、应对策略、国际谈判立场经过了3个阶段:拒绝和抵制阶段、建设性参与阶段和积极推动阶段。巴西政策及立场的转变是外部因素和内部因素共同作用的结果,并经历了一个由外而内的推动过程。亚马孙国际化的呼声对巴西主权的威胁、外国NGO在巴西的活动及对巴西NGO的影响和国际援助是主要的国际因素。科学研究对提高政府和民众对气候变化影响的认知、国内政治的需要、巴西谈判地位的提升、气候变化为巴西发展低碳经济和实施大国外交战略提供的机会等内部因素才是促进巴西气候变化政策和立场转变的决定性原因。A review of Brazil's position on climate change shows that the country originally refused to join related negotiations,then took a position of constructive engagement and finally became an active promoter resolving the issue.The refusal is a result of Brazil's strong concern over national sovereignty.At beginning it was confronted with the proposal of internationalization pf the Amazon as well as international NGOs' increasing involvement into its environment protection,which made it worry about foreign interference into its domestic affairs.But domestic politics gave an impetus to Brazil's change on climate change.Rising awareness of environment protection became a key factor influencing all levels of election.Low-carbon economy was adopted as a national development strategy.A much more active position on climate change was an effective tool to boost the country's international status.So it can be concluded that domestic politics and national interests caused Brazil's sharp transition on climate change.

关 键 词：气候变化 巴西 亚马孙热带雨林 京都议定书 

分 类 号：D820[政治法律—政治学]