震后泥石流沟松散物质量与最大冲出总量的关系  

Post-earthquake relationships of maximum runout amount and loose matter mass in debris flow gully

作　　者：马超[1,2,3] 胡凯衡[1,2] 田密[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2013年第6期76-84,共9页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB409902);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目群(KZCX2-YW-JS305);中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所青年百人团队项目(110900K235)

摘　　要：泥石流最大冲出总量是泥石流防灾减灾工程设计中的重要参数。汶川地震后泥石流物源条件发生了很大变化,灾害活动频率增高,暴发点多,规模增大,现有公式难以准确估算震后泥石流最大冲出总量。对灾区的44条泥石流沟进行了回归分析发现:由于震区的泥石流多为土力类,在20年一遇的暴雨袭击下,灾区泥石流沟的最大冲出总量与沟道内松散物质储量之间存在很强的幂函数关系。物源的储量和性质对冲出总量起着决定性的影响,降雨特征和流域形态也对泥石流冲出总量有一定影响。不同面积的泥石流沟对降雨的响应不同,主要由降雨能否提供足够的水动力条件决定。流域的微地貌变化造成洪峰流量和冲出总量较预测值偏大。降雨频率越大,流域内固体物质启动越多,冲出总量越大。近矩形流域的泥石流沟面积和冲出总量的线性关系明显,而近扇形流域则不存在线性关系。The maximum runout amount is an important factor in debris flow protection engineering design and hazard assessment. In the Wenchuan earthquake affected region, available methods are not doing well in the calculation of the potential runout amount of debris flow, because the sediment volume of debris flow basin has changed greatly, and the runout amount-frequency relationship differs greatly from the past. Regress analysis on the disaster area reveals that most of the debris flows in clustering debris flow events are of soil-mechanical type, and there exist a strong power-function correlation between sediment volume and maximum runout amount for the triggering rainstorm of 20-year return period. Volume and properties of sediment have a decisive influence on maximum debris flow magnitude. Different amount of debris flows for different debris flow wate the hydrological forces from the rainfall processes. The micro-topography change resulted in a hi and runout amount than predicted. The larger the frequency of triggering rainfall and the more rshed is decided by gher peak discharge sediment volume in a debris flow watershed, the more the rectangle watersheds and corresponding fan-shaped watersheds. runout amount. There is an obvious linear relationship between areas of maximum runout amounts, while the linear relationship is undetectable for

关 键 词：泥石流 松散物质量 最大冲出量 汶川地震 

分 类 号：P642.23[天文地球—工程地质学]