故障树分析方法评估储油罐地震次生火灾  

Estimation of seismic secondary fires of storage tanks by using fault tree analysis

作　　者：钟江荣[1] 赵振东[1] 于世舟 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地震工程力学研究所中国地震局地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2013年第6期191-194,共4页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目资助(2012BA15B02);中国地震局工程力学研究所所长基金项目资助(2008B0l4)

摘　　要：储油罐次生火灾是震后一种很严重的灾害。日本新泻地震(1964)和土耳其依兹米特地震(1999)中发生的油罐火灾,造成了巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡。在研究储油罐地震震害经验和次生火灾震害经验的基础上,提出关于影响其地震次生火灾发生的事件主要可考虑以下几个方面:地震造成油罐的破坏程度,地震造成油罐附属连接设施的破坏程度,以及供电系统破坏程度和地震时各种碰撞火花等。建立了评估储油罐地震次生火灾的故障树模型。该评估模型可应用于储油罐地震次生火灾的危险性评估中,为防止储油罐次生火灾提供对策和城市防震减灾工作服务。The seismic secondary fire disaster of storage tanks is a serious disaster after earthquake. For example, great economic loss and casualty were induced by storage tank fires in the Niigata Earthquake （Japan 1964） and Izmit Earthquake （ Turkey, experience study of seismic 1999 ）. In this paper, fault tree analysis method was built on the basis of the damage and seismic secondary fire disaster of oil storage tanks. There are two necessary conditions leading to the fire events. One is the leakage of liquid from inside tanks. The other is the source of fire in the surroundings of leakage liquids. Therefore, some main factors （the damage degree of storage tank and its subsidiary facilities after earthquake, the damage of electric system, the collisions due to vibration, etc） that could possibly result in fires were considered in the process of model building. Then, the model was applied to the fires risk assessment of the storage tank after earthquakes. The study is helpful to preventing secondary fire of tanks and making decision on the earthquake prevention and disaster reduction works of cities.

关 键 词：地震次生火灾 故障树分析 储油罐 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]