6345例体检者心理压力反应与压力源分析及干预对策  

Psychological Stress and Stressor in 6345 Subjects and Suggestions

作　　者：杨琳琳[1] 刘桂霞[1] 孙丽娜[1] 王东叶[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军总医院健康医学中心,北京100853

出　　处：《护理学报》2013年第24期60-62,共3页Journal of Nursing（China）

基　　金：中国人民解放军总医院科技创新苗圃基金课题(11KMM54)

摘　　要：目的了解健康体检者的心理压力状况。方法应用压力反应量表、压力源量表电脑问卷软件,对2011年1—12月来我院体检中心的6 345例体检者进行测试,分析总体得分水平并比较男女间的得分差异。结果(1)77.2%体检者压力正常或压力适中,19.2%压力较大,3.6%压力过大。(2)体检者中,女性压力反应总分高于男性体检者(P=0.000),表现为生理、情绪、认知3方面的压力反应得分均高于男性(P=0.000)。(3)压力源分析结果显示,工作和健康是主要压力源,各占13.3%、12.5%;男性在经济、社交、工作的压力源得分均高于女性(P分别为0.006、0.000、0.000);而婚恋家庭压力源得分低于女性(P=0.000);两性在健康压力源得分差异无统计学意义。结论在我院体检中心的体检者中,绝大部分(77%左右)体检者心理压力属于正常范围,但两性的心理压力和生活事件中的压力源存在差别。提示应根据不同性别、压力源的差异,提供心理压力疏导教育和健康指导。Objective To investigate psychological stress in subjects for heahh examination. Methods A computer-administered version of the Pressure Assessment Rating Scale and Stressor Scale were used to assess psychological stress and stressors of 6 345 subjects in health examination center from January to December of 2011. The total score of stress reaction was analyzed and scores from males and females were compared. Results Of the total, 77.2% of the subjects were with normal or moderate stress, while 22.8% with great stress. Mean value of total score of stress reaction in female subjects were higher than that in male（P=-0.000）. Mean scores of stress reaction in physiology, emotion, cognition in female subjects were higher than those in male （P=0.000）, respectively. Mean scores in economic, social, job stress reaction in male subjects were higher than those in female subjects（P〈O.05）, respectively; and mean scores in marriage, love and family in female subjects were higher than those in male（P=0.000）. There was no significant difference of scores between genders in health stress reaction. Conclusion The great majority of subjects are normally stressed or pressured （eustress）but there are different stress and stressors in life events in both genders. Therefore, it is necessary to offer individually psychological assistance and stress management education according to genders and different stressors for males and females respectively.

关 键 词：心理评估 压力源 健康体检 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]