国人颈静脉孔区神经血管的显微解剖研究—颞下窝径路、乙状窦后径路应用解剖学  

Investigation of micro-anatomy of the nerve and blood vessel in jugular vein foramen region

作　　者：周慧芳[1] 王宏亮[1] 邱明哲[2] 王长月[3] 李崇谦[3] 

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学总医院耳鼻咽喉科,300052 [2]天津医科大学总医院神经外科 [3]天津医科大学解剖教研室

出　　处：《耳鼻咽喉（头颈外科）》2000年第5期302-306,共5页Chinese Arch Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surg

摘　　要：通过模拟颞下窝手术径路和乙状窦后径路对 30侧头部标本进行解剖 ,获得国人颈静脉孔区神经、血管的解剖参数。 1面神经的行程和有关结构的参数 :鼓乳裂外端 -茎乳孔 12 .96± 1.6 3mm,二腹肌嵴前端 -茎乳孔 9.0 9± 1.6 7mm,面神经水平段 12 .58± 1.6 1mm,垂直段 15.88± 1.55mm,茎乳孔 -腮腺段 18.4 5± 1.76 mm。 2颈静脉球的有关参数 :颈静脉球的穹隆顶骨壁厚度 4 .32± 2 .2 8mm,颈静脉窝与颈动脉管的骨壁厚 4 .92± 2 .0 3mm,颈静脉球 -后半规管壶腹端 3.81± 2 .94 mm,颈静脉球 -面神经垂直段 8.80± 2 .6 6 mm。 3颈内动脉岩骨段的有关参数 :颈内动脉垂直段 9.73± 1.0 4 mm,水平段 18.0 0± 2 .0 4 mm,水平段与脑膜中动脉的距离 6 .80± 2 .0 0 mm,鼓膜张肌腱与水平段及膝部的距离 2 .2 0±1.2 0 mm。以咽鼓管、鼓膜张肌腱、脑膜中动脉为标志定位颈内动脉的水平段 ,颞下窝径路具有暴露好 ,可变通的特点。以上述解剖参数 ,对颈静脉孔区肿瘤的彻底切除、减少合并症、避免死亡病例的发生 ,均有一定参考意义。Objective:\ To investigate the relationship between nerve and blood vessel in jugular vein foramen region,which should be helpful for infratemporal fossa and retrosigmoid sinal surgery.Method:\ The parameters of nerve and blood vessel in jugular vein foramen region were measured on 15 normal adults skeletons. Results: ① The parameters of facial nerve were:the dinstance from foramina stylomastoideum to tympanomastoid fissure were 12 96±1 63mm,from muscles biventer crista to stylomastoideum were 9 09±1 67mm,the length of the horizontal part was 12 58±1 61mm,the length of perpendicular part was 15 88±1 55mm,the distance of stylomastoideum to parotid gland was 18 54±1 76mm.② The parameters of jugular bulb were:the bone thickness of jugular bulb was 4 32±2 28mm,the bone thickness from jugular foramen to carotid canal was 4 92±2 03mm,jugular foramen to posterior semicircular ampullary was 3 81±2 94mm,jugular foramen to perpendicular part of facial nerve was 8 80±2 66mm.③ The parameters of internal carotid in petrous bone were:the length of perpendicular segment was 9 73±1 04mm,horiziontal segment was 18 0±2 04mm,the distance from horizontal segment to middle meningeal artery was 6 80±2 00mm,the tensor tympani muscle to the horizontal segment was 2 20±1 20mm.The approach of infratemporal fossa were good landmarks to identify the horizontal segment of internal carotid artery in the petrous bone.These anatomic data should be helpful for complete removal of the tumor in jugular foramen region and provention from complications and mortality.

关 键 词：颈静脉孔 局部解剖学 颅神经 

分 类 号：R322[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]