显生宙烃源岩分布的古板块再造研究  

A study of the distribution of source rocks in Phanerozoic based on Paleoplate reconstruction

作　　者：李江海[1] 杨静懿[1] 马丽亚[1] 王洪浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京大学石油与天然气研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《中国地质》2013年第6期1683-1698,共16页Geology in China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"973计划"(2009CB219302)项目资助

摘　　要：本文依据古地磁方法对不同时期的全球古板块进行再造,并在此基础上叠加了全球大地构造背景、洋流系统、气候带分布以及岩相古地理等要素,共编制了11个时间段古板块格局下的全球烃源岩分布图。综合各种地质要素可以看出烃源岩在时间和空间分布上具有强烈不均匀的特征,在时间上,中、新生代烃源岩无论是从分布范围,还是厚度上,都较古生代更为发育;在空间上,全球显生宙海相烃源岩主要分布于陆棚及斜坡相、台内坳陷等环境,而陆相烃源岩则主要分布在湖盆中心。烃源岩的沉积和保存受到超大陆旋回的控制,超大陆汇聚过程中陆架和适宜陆缘的消失不利于烃源岩的沉积和保存,反之亦然。较高的海平面以及上升流的存在是烃源岩发育的有利条件,全球优质烃源岩富含的有机质泥页岩多发育于海侵体系域顶部与高位体系域底部的密集段中。Based on the method of paleomagnetism, the authors reconstructed the tectonic framework of global paleo-plates in 11 different geological periods, and also added more elements such as current system, distribution of climate zone, lithofacies palaeogeography and distribution of source rocks to the maps of paleo-plates reconstruction. By comprehensively analyzing geological elements, the authors have concluded that the distribution of source rocks is heterogeneous in time and space. Temporally, source rocks in Mesozoic and Cenozoic were thicker and more widely distributed than those in Paleozoic. Spatially, global marine source rocks were mainly distributed in continental shell, continental slope and platform depression, while terrestrial source rocks were mainly distributed in the center of lake basin in Phanerozoic. Furthermore, the deposition and preservation of source rocks were controlled by the supercontinent cycle, and the decrease of sea shelf caused by assembling of supercontinent was unfavorable for the deposition and preservation of the source rock. The formation of the source rock was promoted by high sea level and upwelling. High-quality source rock was mostly deposited in transgressive systems tracts in the dense segment located on the top of the transgressive tract or at the bottom of the highstand systems tract.

关 键 词：显生宙 烃源岩 古板块 发育环境 有利因素 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]