四川汶川地震-滑坡-泥石流灾害链形成演化过程  

The evolution process of Wenchuan earthquake-landslide-debris flow geohazard chain

作　　者：张永双[1] 成余粮[2] 姚鑫[1] 王军[2] 吴树仁[1] 王猛[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081 [2]四川省地质调查院,四川成都610081

出　　处：《地质通报》2013年第12期1900-1910,共11页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：国家十二五科技支撑项目课题(编号:2011BAK12B09;2012BAK10B02);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41072269);中国地质调查局项目(编号:1212011014033;1212010914025)

摘　　要：2008年"5·12"汶川Ms 8.0级地震之后,地震灾区表现出显著的强震地质灾害后效应。地震造成山体分水岭及山脊部位产生大量的崩塌和滑坡,崩滑体大多散落在山体的中上部,在强降雨作用下大量松散堆积物沿陡峻的沟道汇聚、加速,形成破坏性极大的高位泥石流,从而构成典型的地震-滑坡-泥石流灾害链。在回顾汶川地震灾区同震地质灾害的基础上,调查分析了震后汛期地质灾害的主要类型及其6种表现形式,将地震-滑坡-泥石流灾害链形成、演化过程划分为4个阶段:孕育阶段、地震同震滑坡阶段、震后滑坡-泥石流发育阶段、高位泥石流的动态演化阶段,提出高位泥石流的判识指标,并探讨其分布特征、动态变化趋势及其防治对策。Since the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake which occurred on May 12, 2008, the geohazards in the earthquake-stricken region have assumed obvious ＂post-earthquake effect＂ characteristics. The great earthquake caused a large amount of rock falls and landslides on the mountain ridges and watershed slopes, and the landslide masses were scattered on the upper-middle part of the mountains. Under intense rainfall, a lot of loose deposits were brought together along the steep gully, and their movement was accelerated to form a devastating high-position debris flow, thus constituting a typical earthquake-landslide-debris flow chain. Based on a brief summarization of the co-earthquake geohazards in the Wenchuan earthquake area, this paper has discussed six types of geohazards during the rain season after the Wenchuan earthquake as well as their appearance styles. The evolution process of earthquake-landslide-debris flow disaster chain can be divided into four stages, i.e., nurtured stage, co-earthquake landslides stage, post earthquake landslide-debris flow development stage, and high debris flow evolution stage. The discrimination indexes of high debris flows are put forward, and their distribution features, motive changing trend and corresponding control countermeasures are discussed.

关 键 词：地震滑坡 地质灾害链 汶川地震 高位泥石流 成灾模式 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学]