黄海海域中华假磷虾的种群特征和分布及其与环境因子的关系  

Population characteristics and distribution of Pseudeuphausia sinica in the Yellow Sea and its relations to the environmental factors

作　　者：陶振钺[1] 李超伦[1] 孙松[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,胶州湾海洋生态系统研究站,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水产学报》2013年第12期1782-1794,共13页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41306155);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41230963);国家基金委创新群体项目(41121064)

摘　　要：为了解中华假磷虾在南黄海的种群分布、体长变化及其与环境因子的关系，采用现场调查采样、镜检和相关性分析等方法，对2006年9月、12月和2007年3月、5月南黄海中华假磷虾的种群分布和体长分布进行了调查研究。结果表明，中华假磷虾主要分布海域的海水温度为15～25℃，其种群分布与海水温度紧密相关。温度和叶绿素n浓度是主要环境影响因子。5月份的丰度最高，平均值为0．585个／m3，分布中心值为9．200个／m3；丰度分布与叶绿素a浓度呈极显著正相关，这说明成体在春季偏向于集中分布在食物比较丰富的海域进行繁殖。5月和9月的雌雄性比达到了1．3以上，明显高于3月和12月。中华假磷虾成体全长为4～14mm，体长和全长有着很好的线性关系。5月和9月的体长比（体长／全长）系数高于3月和12月，且体长分布频率显示种群由不同体长组的新老成体共同组成，春夏季是南黄海中华假磷虾的种群补充增长期。Pseudeuphausia sinica（Euphausiacea,Crustacea）is widely distributed and dominant in the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. In the Yellow Sea ecosystem,P, sinica is important food of the fishes with economic value, especially larval and juvenile fishes. We think that the changes of population distribution and abundance of P. sinica could directly impact on the Yellow Sea ecosystem. We studied spatial distribution patterns and population characteristics, such as sex ratio ,body length and growth condition of P. sinica in the south Yellow Sea during September, December 2006 and March, May 2007. We investigated their abundance and distribution in relation to environmental factors （ temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a concentration ）. The spatial distribution of P. sinica was controlled primarily by seawater temperature and the preferred living seawater temperature was 15 - 25 ~C. The highest abundance of 9. 20 ind./m3 occurred in May. We used principal components analysis and Pearson correlation to analyze the covariation and correlation between P. sinica abundances and environmental factors. Seawater temperature and chlorophyll a concentration are principal components of environmental factors. The seasonal distribution of P. sinica was closely correlated with seawater temperature and the adults preferentially inhabited high chlorophyll a concentration sea area in May. The sex ratios in May and September were over 1.3 and higher than the value（1.0） in March and December. The total length （TL）of P. sinica ranged from 4 mm to 14 ram, which was positively correlated with body length （BL）. The slopes of fitting formula between BL and TL illustrated the growth condition of P. sinica. Size frequency of P. sinica in May and September showed that the population was composed of new and old adults of different TL. The average TLs of P. sinica in March and May were greater than those of September and December. We conclude that P. sinica can undergo its whole life history and its

关 键 词：中华假磷虾 丰度 体长分布 黄海 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学] S968.22[生物学—普通生物学]