合意主义体系下的要物合同制度新解  

The New Explanation of Real Contract in the System of Consensualism

作　　者：蒋军洲[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学法学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2013年第9期162-169,共8页

基　　金：中国博士后基金项目"西方慈善捐赠的制度安排及其镜鉴:历史考察与比较分析"(项目编号:2012M511072);河南省政府决策研究招标课题"西方慈善捐赠的法律制度安排及其镜鉴"(项目编号:2012B212);河南工业大学哲学社会科学繁荣计划项目"合意主义体系下的要物合同制度研究"(项目编号:2012FRJH11)

摘　　要：面对要物合同与合意主义之间所存在的冲突,学界有诸多解释性的说明。比如交付乃生效要件说与交付乃特别成立要件说。但这些学说有其不可避免的缺陷。实际上,如果认为要物合同是必须通过交付所达成的合意,既可以在交付是要物合同的成立方法上回到罗马法从而具有历史基础,又与合意主义相协调从而符合逻辑规则。由于要物合同的定义性规范只有在界定合同类型时具有不可更改性,本质上是任意性规范,当事人有选择合同类型的自由,要物合同与要物合同简约、要物合同预约可以兼容并存。我国合同立法应顺此妥善安排要物合同的立法行文,废弃以交付为生效要件的非典型要物合同立法的表达。There are many theories to explain the so called confliction between real contracts and eonsonsualism. Such as the theory arguing that the delivery is the effective element of real contract and the theory arguing that the delivery is the special constituent element of real contract. However, all of these theories exist inevitable defects. In fact, if real contract should be explained as the contract which is concluded by delivery, it will has legal founda- tion in the aspect that delivery is the method to conclude such contract corresponding to roman law, and also can be coordinated with the consensulism. The qualification provision of real contract is recognitive in the essence though can not be changed when define such type, the contracting parties are free to choose the type of contracts, so real contract can be compatible with the pact of real contract and the precontract of real contract in the system of conson- sualism. The contract law of our country should accord to such rule to arrange the provisions of real contract, repudiate the expression of untypical real contract which take the delivery as the effective element.

关 键 词：要物合同 合意主义 任意性规范 

分 类 号：D912.29[政治法律—民商法学]