生物碳和施氮量对棉花生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Biochar and Nitrogen Rate on Growth and Yield of Cotton

作　　者：茹思博[1] 赵靓[1] 苏倩[1] 马莉[1] 闵伟[1] 段锦波[1] 侯振安[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院资源与环境科学系,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第7期1185-1191,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160415)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施氮量条件下,生物碳和棉花秸秆对棉花生长及产量的影响。【方法】棉花秸秆在450℃下厌氧热解制备成生物碳。设置等碳量(1.40、2.80 t/hm2)的两个生物碳施用量及与其对应的棉花秸秆用量,生物碳施用量为2.25、4.50 t/hm2(1/2BC、BC),棉花秸秆施用量为2.25、4.50 t/hm2(1/2ST、ST),同时以空白土壤为对照,并设三个氮肥用量(0、300、450 kg/hm2)。【结果】施用生物碳和棉花秸秆均能显著促进棉花生长、提高棉花产量。不施氮肥条件下,ST和1/2BC处理的棉花干物质重、籽棉产量显著高于BC及1/2ST处理;在施氮肥300 kg/hm2条件下,ST处理的棉花干重、产量最高,1/2BC处理显著高于1/2ST处理;但施氮肥450 kg/hm2条件下,1/2BC及BC处理的棉花干重、产量显著高于1/2ST及ST处理,且随生物碳和秸秆施用量的增加干物质重、籽棉产量均显著增加。【结论】生物碳与氮肥合理配施,有助于促进棉花生长、提高产量。[Objective] The effect of biochar and cotton straw under different nitrogen application levels on cotton growth and yield were investigated with a field experiment.[Method] Biochar was produced by pyrolysis of cotton straw at 450℃.Biochar （BC） and cotton straw （ST） with equal quantity of organic carbon （1.40 and 2.80 t/hm2） were applied to soil respectively.Biochar application rates were 2.25,4.50 t/hm2 （1/2BC,BC） and the cotton straw were 6.00,12.00 t/hm2 （1/2ST,ST）.Meanwhile,an untreated soil wasset as the control （CK） in this study.Three nitrogen application rates were zero,300 and 450 kg/hm2,respectively.[Result]The result showed that both biochar and straw significantly promoted cotton growth and yield in comparison with the control.Under no N fertilization,ST and 1/2BC were higher than those of BC and 1/2ST on cotton growth and yield.At N application rate of 300 kg/hm2,cotton dry biomass and yield of ST were higher than those by other treatments,and biochar significantly promoted cotton growth and yield of cotton in comparison with 1/2ST.At N application rate of 450 kg/hm2,cotton dry biomass and yield in biochar were significantly greater than those in the straws.[Conclusion] Biochar with optional N application may enhance cotton growth and yield.

关 键 词：生物碳 棉花秸秆 施氮量 棉花 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S506