棉花秸秆中棉酚脱毒法比较研究  

Comparison Study on Detoxification of Gossypol in Cotton Stalk

作　　者：哈丽代.热合木江 热沙来提汗.买买提 买买提明.阿布力米提 艾比布拉.伊马木 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院/新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第7期1304-1309,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：食用担子菌接种对棉花秸秆消化性改善效果研究(2011-31060317)

摘　　要：【目的】棉花副产品含有一定量的棉酚,动物摄取过多棉酚会导致中毒,选用经济实用的脱毒法对提高棉花秸秆的安全性和饲用价值具有重要意义。【方法】采用室外自然放置、化学、高温生物发酵以及食用担子菌接种等方法对棉花秸秆进行处理,探讨脱毒效果。【结果】棉花秸秆室外自然放置一年,其棉酚脱毒率达到50%以上,但粗蛋白含量同时减少;化学处理中Ca(OH)2+尿素处理效果最佳、其脱毒率达到56.1%(P<0.01)。粉碎棉花秸秆经高温生物发酵3 d后棉酚脱毒率达28.4%,但不同粉碎粒度间无显著差异;食用担子菌香菇和平菇接种培养60 d后棉酚脱毒率分别达到44.0%、51.0%,接种平菇的脱毒效果优于香菇(P<0.01)。【结论】棉花秸秆经Ca(OH)2+尿素化学处理或食用担子菌平菇接种培养60 d后的脱毒效果最佳,脱毒率达到50%以上。[Objective] Cotton by-products contains a certain amount of gossypol,so excessive intake of gossypol will cause animal poisoning.The economical and practical detoxification method to improve the security and feeding value of the cotton stalk is very important.[Method] In this study,naturally placed,chemical,high-temperature bio-fermentation and inoculation edible basidiomycete treatment of cotton stalk are conducted to investigate the detoxification effect.[Result] Cotton stalk placed outside naturally for one year,the gossypol detoxification rate is above 50%,but reduce the crude protein content; The Chemical treatment,Ca （OH） 2 ＋ urea treatment is the best,with the gossypol detoxification to 56.1% （P 〈 0.01）.Free gossypol detoxification rates for crushed cotton stalk after thermophilic fermentation are about 28.4%,but no significant difference between coarse crushing and fine grinding materials is found.Detoxification rates of edible basidiomycete and oyster mushrrom inoculated after 60 days are 44.0%,and 51.0% （60 d） （P 〈0.01） ;The latter＇s detoxification effect is better than that of the former.[Conclusion] In this study chemical treatment Ca （OH）2 ＋ urea and edible basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus inoculation for 60 days after detoxification rate is the best and the detoxification rate arrives at more than 50%.

关 键 词：棉花秸秆 棉酚 脱毒 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S509.9