三叶草病毒病症状类型及发病条件研究  

Symptoms and occurrence conditions of clover virus disease

作　　者：相栋[1] 梁巧兰[1] 徐秉良[1] 刘雪峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃省草业工程实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,兰州730070

出　　处：《植物保护》2013年第6期130-136,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：草业生态系统教育部重点实验室开放课题(CYZS-2011006)

摘　　要：2010-2012年对兰州市不同绿化带及试验种植区三叶草病毒病症状表现和发病情况进行了调查。田间调查表明,三叶草病毒病在调查区普遍发生,平均发病率为28.14%,病情指数为17.45,主要症状为黄斑花叶、斑驳花叶、花斑花叶、丛簇矮化、皱缩褪绿、环斑及环纹。白三叶草和红三叶草发病高峰期及表现症状明显不同,4月下旬到5月上旬白三叶草达到发病高峰,主要症状为黄斑花叶;6月红三叶草达到发病高峰,主要症状为花斑花叶、丛簇矮化。环境对三叶草病毒病发生有重要影响,当温度为25℃,相对湿度为45%时发病最重,病情指数分别为74.81、74.07。DAS-ELISA检测表明,田间三叶草病毒病主要病原为苜蓿花叶病毒(AMV)和白三叶草花叶病毒(WCMV),检出率分别为100%、83.3%,复合侵染率为83.3%。寄主范围测定表明AMV可侵染6科16种植物,WCMV可侵染豌豆、菜豆、昆诺藜等。In 2010 to 2012,clover virus disease symptoms and morbidity were surveyed in different green belts and test-growing areas of Lanzhou City.A field survey showed that clover virus disease generally occurs,and the incidence rate and disease index were 28.14％ and 17.45,respectively.The main symptoms were macular mosaic,mottle mosaic,variegation mosaic,rosette stunt,shrinkage chlorotic,ring plaque and ring stria.The peak incidence and performance symptoms of white clover were different from those of red clover.The main symptom of white clover was macular mosaic,and the peak incidence came in late April to early May; red clover reached peak incidence in June,and the main symptoms were striation mosaic and rosette stunt.Environment affected the occurrence of clover virus disease significantly.When temperature was 25 ℃ and relative humidity at 45％,the disease index reached 74.81 and 74.07,respectively.Two of the main viruses causing white clover and red clover virus disease were identified as Alfalfa mosaic virus （AMV） and White clover mosaic virus （WCMV） through the DAS-ELISA test,and detection rates were 100％ and 83.3％,respectively,with a composite infection rate of 83.3％.The biological measurement results showed that the AMV could infect 6 families and 16 species,while WCMV could infect peas,beans,chenopodium quinoa and so on.

关 键 词：三叶草 病毒病 发病条件 生物学测定 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]