平欧榛子花序及花器官发育  

Inflorescence and Floral Organ Development in Corylus Heterophylla × C. Avellana

作　　者：张力凡[1] 朱俊义[1] 沈鹏[1] 任保青 梁宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]通化师范学院生命科学学院,吉林通化134002 [2]山西太山植物园,山西太原030025

出　　处：《通化师范学院学报》2013年第12期61-63,共3页Journal of Tonghua Normal University

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31170180);吉林省教育厅重点项目(吉教科合字2012第355号)

摘　　要：在扫描电镜下观察了平欧榛子花序和花的形态发生过程.平欧榛子雌花序由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成;每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织,由小花序原基分生组织分化形成2个花原基;每个花原基分化出2个心皮原基,形成二心皮雌蕊;雌蕊基部有2层花被原基,内层花被原基环状,发生于心皮原基,外层花被发生于花原基近轴面和远轴面,且不均等分化,外层花被发生早于内层花被.雄花序为柔荑状,由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成.每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织,由小花序原基分生组织分化出2枚次级苞片和4个花原基,由花原基直接发育为4个雄蕊原基,形成4枚雄蕊,花丝纵裂至基部.研究认为平欧榛子结果率低,空粒率高的主要原因是花粉粒萌发率低,另外,寒冷地区的倒春寒气候会造成花柱受到冻害,影响传粉受精.The morphogenesis of inflorescence and flowers in Corylus heterophylla × C. ave｜lana was observed un- der the scanning electron mieroscope. The female intloreseence was composed of multiple cymules ar- ranged in a spiral configuration; Each cymule primordia differentiated one primary bract and one cymule primordia meristem, two flower primordia were differentiated from the cymule primordia meristem; Two carpellary primordia were differentiated from each flower prirnordia, forming a bicarpellary pistil. The male inflorescences were catkin- like. Each cymule primordia differentiated one primary bract and one cymule primordia meristem. Two secondary bracts and four flower primordia were differentiated from the eymule primordia meristem. The results indicated that the main reason of the low fruit setting rate and high empty grain rate was its low pollen germination rate, besides the style could be freeze injuried due to cold spell in later spring climate in cold area which would effect pollination and fertilization.

关 键 词：平欧榛子 花器官 小花序 次级苞片 

分 类 号：Q944.4[生物学—植物学]