不同生育期淹涝胁迫对杂交稻形态特征和产量的影响  

Effects of Water Logging on Morphological Characteristics and Yield of Hybrid Rice during Growth Stages

作　　者：宁金花[1] 霍治国[2] 陆魁东[3] 黄晚华[3] 刘彬彧[1] 沈俊佑[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象干部培训学院湖南分院,长沙410125 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [3]湖南省气象科学研究所,长沙410007

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2013年第6期678-684,共7页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"洪涝灾害监测预警与防控与应急关键技术研究与应用"(2012BAD20B02)

摘　　要：以杂交晚稻湘丰优103为试材,在抽穗扬花期和乳熟期分别设计不同淹水深度及淹水时间的淹涝胁迫试验,通过测定淹水前后水稻绿叶数、气生根、倒伏状况、产量构成等因素的变化,分析不同生育期水稻对淹涝胁迫环境的敏感性。结果表明:(1)同一生育期相同淹水深度,不同生育期相同深度的淹涝处理,淹水时间与绿叶数变化量均呈极显著负相关关系。(2)同一生育期,产生气生根的茎的比率与淹水深度呈负相关关系,与淹水时间呈正相关关系;茎节越低,气生根现象越明显,抽穗扬花期气生根现象较乳熟期更明显。(3)抽穗扬花期发生的倒伏为茎倒伏,同一淹水深度,水稻植株的断茎百分率与淹涝时间呈极显著正相关关系。乳熟期发生的倒伏为根倒伏,淹水越深、淹水时间越长,根倒伏现象越明显。(4)产量结构方面,抽穗扬花期对淹涝胁迫较乳熟期更敏感,全淹5d以上,几乎绝收;乳熟期,淹水越深、淹水时间越长,对产量结构的影响越大。研究结果可为制定洪涝灾害对杂交稻致灾的评价标准,进行洪涝灾害致灾能力、致灾强度的鉴定提供理论依据。Water logging stress experiment was conducted at heading flowering stage and milk stage of hybrid rice Xiang-Feng-You 103. Sensitivity of hybrid rice to water logging stress at different growth stages was analyzed,through comparing green leaf number, aerial root, lodging conditions and yield components before and after different flooding treatments. The results showed that green leaf number was extreme significant negative correlation with the depth of water logging. The ratio of aerial root stem was negative correlation with flooding depth and positive correlation with flooding duration. Aerial root was more as lower the stem nodes, especially at heading flowering stage. Stem lodging occurred at heading flowering stage, and there was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of stem lodging and water logging duration. Root lodging occurred at milk stage, and it was worse with water logging deeper and longer. The sensitivity of hybrid rice to water logging stress at heading flowering stage was more than that at milky stage. Yield was failure with water logging stress for 5 days at this stage. The research results could be used as evaluation standard of flood disaster to hybrid rice.

关 键 词：水稻 淹涝胁迫 绿叶数 气生根 茎倒伏 根倒伏 产量因子 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]