低温对豇豆种子萌发和出苗的影响  

Effects of low temperatures on seed germination and seedling emergence of cowpea(Vigna unguiculata)

作　　者：张献英[1] 唐力生[2] 犹昌艳[1] 胡飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院,广州510642 [2]广东省气候与农业气象中心,广州510080

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2013年第11期1785-1790,共6页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家气象局行业专项项目(GYHY201206019)

摘　　要：【目的】研究低温对豇豆种子萌发及出苗的影响,为华南地区冬种豇豆拒避低温影响提供参考。【方法】以油白1号和粤红5号豇豆种子为试材,在人工气候箱内研究不同温度(10、15、20和25℃)、不同温度组合和不同温度持续时间长短对种子萌发和出苗的影响。【结果】不同温度处理试验结果显示,10℃时两个豇豆品种起始萌发比25℃滞后12～13 d,油白1号的萌发率为33.3%,粤红5号为63.0%;15℃时两个品种起始出苗时间比25℃滞后9～10 d,油白1号的出苗率为22.0%,粤红5号为18.0%;10℃时两品种均未能出苗。在低温处理不同时间条件下,10℃低温持续5 d以上种子萌发率显著降低,油白1号为74.1%,粤红5号为44.4%;出苗过程中10℃低温持续2 d以上或15℃低温持续5 d以上,种子出苗率显著降低。油白1号在相同低温条件下比粤红5号的抗性表现略好。【结论】在华南地区冬种豇豆如果出现10℃低温的天气,或15℃以下低温天气持续5 d以上不宜进行播种;若播种后10℃低温持续2 d以上或15℃低温持续5 d以上,要采取保温等措施,确保较高的出苗率。[Objective]The effects of low temperature on seed germination and seedling emergence of cowpea were studied to provide references for planting cowpea at low temperature in South China.[Method]Two varieties of cowpeas Youbai No.1 and Yuehong No.5 seeds were used as test materials.Germination and emergence of cowpea seeds were tested under different temperatures （10,15,20 and 25 ℃）,different temperature combinations,and different lasting time of temperatures.The experiments were conducted in artificial climate chambers.[Result]The test results showed that beginning germination time of two varieties of cowpea at 10 ℃ was lagged 12-13 d comparing to that at 25 ℃.Germination rate of Youbai No.1 and Yuehong No.5 was 33.3％ and 63.0％,respectively.Beginning germination time of two varieties of cowpea at 15 ℃ was lagged 9-10 d comparing to that 25 ℃.Germination rate of Youbai No.1 and Yuehong No.5 was 22.0％ and 18.0％,respectively.But they were unable to emerge at 10 ℃.During process of germinating,the germination rate decreased significantly if the seeds were kept at 10℃ for 5 days.Germination rate of Youbai No.1 and Yuehong No.5 was 74.1％ and 44.4％ under different treating time,respectively.Meanwhile,cowpea seeds emergence rate decreased significantly if 10 ℃ lasted for more than 2 days,or 15 ℃ lasted for more than 5 days.Cold-resistance ability of Youbai No.1 was slightly stronger than that of Yuehong No.5 at the same temperature.[Conclusion]In South China,if the temperature was continuously under 10 ℃,or 15 ℃ for over 5 days,cowpea seeds should not be sowed.Furthermore,in order to ensure high emergence rate after sowing seeds,warming preservation measures were needed if the temperature was below 10 ℃ lasting for more than 2 days,or the temperature was under 15 ℃ lasting for more 5 days.

关 键 词：豇豆 低温 萌发 出苗 华南地区 

分 类 号：S643.4[农业科学—蔬菜学]