TNT、RDX及HMX炸药废水处理技术综述  

Research review on treating technologies for TNT, RDX and HMX explosive sewage

作　　者：尚海茹[1] 刘霞[2] 冯长根[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业大学理学院,北京100094

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2013年第6期9-14,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所资助项目

摘　　要：炸药废水由于其生物毒性和化学稳定性引起了各国的关注。对梯恩梯(TNT)、黑索今(RDX)及奥克托今(HMX)3种主要单质炸药的降解方法进行了综述、讨论和对比,分析了各类方法的特点及不足。光催化氧化法用于处理炸药废水有明显优势,着重介绍了光催化氧化法的降解路径及光催化机理。随着光催化氧化技术的深入研究,高效环保型光催化剂及成熟的光催化氧化工艺将在炸药废水处理领域发挥重要作用。As is known, close attention has been paid to the research of the explosive sewage by the research circle both at home and abroad for their biological toxicity and chemical stability. In this pa per we would like to present a research review over the technical ad vances of TNT, RDX and HMX treatment. So far as we know, a great stress of the current research has been put on the study of the basic principles, applications and features of the treating methods for TNT, RDX and HMX, such as iron powder reduction method, micro biological degradation method, the photochemical degradation method, Fenton reagent oxidation method, the supercritical water oxi dation method and the yray radiation method. Of all the methods, photocatalytic oxidation method enjoys great advantages in treating the explosive sewage, and therefore, it is considered to he a promising treating technology for its thorough degradation, less secondary poilu tion, environment friendly, etc. Therefore, we would like to focus our main discussion on the degradation of explosive sewage by photo catalytic oxidation, while the degradation pathway and the photocatal ysis mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation were mentioned. Besides, a new compound photocatalyst polyoxometalate （POMs）/titanium dioxide （TiO2） is also recommended for the explosive sewage degra dation advantage according to its high photocatalytic activity in treat ing the organic dyes and pesticides. On the basis of the analysis of current photoeatalytic technology frequently adopted in the sewage treatment, we prefer to propose the idea of treating explosive sewage with new compound photocatalyst POMs/TiO2 in a new direction for photocatalytic degradation of explosive sewage in this paper. In addi tion, we [lave also conducted degradation experiments by using a wellprepared agent of POMs/TiQ as a photocatalyst, the results in dicated that the conversion rate of TNT could be made as high as 95 % after 6 hours of irradiation under the optimal operating condi tions, which is thought of 2 t

关 键 词：环境工程学 炸药废水 TNT RDX HMX 光催化降解 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]