深部开采的岩石(体)声发射/微震特征研究  

On the acoustic emission and micro seismic characteristics of the rock and rock mass in deep mining activities

作　　者：李俊平[1] 寇坤[1] 汪潮[1] 程贤根 王晓光[1] 王红星[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学材料与矿资学院,西安710055

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2013年第6期195-200,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51244006);西安建筑科技大学重点培育学科建设项目(XK2012005);西安建筑科技大学学科建设人才基金项目(DB09044)

摘　　要：用低频(AE)/微震(MS)监测评价岩体工程的稳定性不可缺少。若监测仪器的采样频率和频响范围不合理,将导致接收的AE/MS信号不全,对岩体低频AE/MS特征认识不清。综述岩石(体)AE/MS的若干特性,提出如下试验方案:在伺服控制的高吨位岩石试验机上分别单轴压缩加渗流或不加渗流的代表性岩石,同时应用50 kHz^2 MHz采样频率可调的AE/MS仪、2 Hz^10 kHz低频宽频传感器和1~100 kHz高频宽频传感器自动采集AE/MS信号。试验确定每类代表性岩石合适的AE/MS低频和高频采样频率,利用该采样频率研究它们的低频频响范围、时序统计特征和岩石破坏的主频突变特征,借助律定的AE/MS采样频率和频响范围,监测深部开采的相应岩体静态胀裂破坏全过程的AE/MS特征,从而探索其岩体失稳的AE/MS准确预报机制。This paper intends to make some research review on the AE/MS characteristics of the rock/rock mass in close association with mining activities and put forward the following experiment schemes by using the servo-controlled high-pressure rock testing machines and conducting uniaxial compression tests on the typical rocks with or without seepage. As is known, due to the limitations of model tests and numerical simulations, and the prompt attenuation of high-fre quency acoustic emission （AE） signals in the rock mass, it is of great need to resort to the low-frequency AE/miero seism（MS） technology to trace and estimate the stability of the rock structure, for the unrea sonable sampling frequency and frequency response range of the mon itoring device often fail to provide enough useful responsive AE/MS signals. However, without enough available AE/MS signals, it would be impossible for the geologists to make a full picture of the charac- teristics of rock mass, neither can they monitor and estimate the likely factors that affect the precise intbrmation of AE/MS. In that situa-tion, the geologists would have to turn to the AE/MS device with the adjustable sampling frequency of 50 kHz - 2 MHz, low-frequency broadband sensor （2 - l0 000 Hz ） and high-frequency broadband sensor （1 - 100 kHz） for help to sample AE/MS signals. And the available sampling frequencies for high- and low-frequency AE/MS can be determined for all kinds of typical rocks so that the sampling frequency can be used to study their low-frequency response range, the statistical characteristics of the time sequence of rocks, with their mutation in dominant frequency after homologous rock failure. It is due to the AE/MS sampling frequency and frequency response range, and under crushed statically by gesso and cement mixture in the deep mining that the geologists and the mining explorers are in a position to monitor the AE/MS characteristics of homologous rock-mass and in tum to forecast more accurately the homologous rock mass in their deep

关 键 词：矿山安全 岩石(岩体) 声发射 微震 频谱 采样频率 频响范围 

分 类 号：TD327[矿业工程—矿井建设]