开采引起地表塌陷型裂缝的形成机理分析  

Analysis of forming mechanism of collapsing ground fissure caused by mining

作　　者：刘辉[1,2] 何春桂[2] 邓喀中[1] 卞正富[1] 范洪冬[1] 雷少刚[1] 张安兵[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学江苏省资源环境信息工程重点实验室,国土环境与灾害监测国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室,江苏徐州221116 [2]河北工程大学资源学院,河北邯郸056038

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2013年第3期380-384,共5页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC10B03);国家自然科学基金项目(41272389,41104005);中国地震局教师科研基金项目(20120102);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目

摘　　要：为了研究地表塌陷型裂缝发育与地质采矿条件之间的关系,在对开采造成的地裂缝进行分类统计的基础上,针对塌陷型地裂缝,运用基于薄板理论的基本顶"O-X"破断原理,结合岩层控制的关键层理论,分析了薄基岩浅埋煤层开采造成的地表塌陷型裂缝的形成机理,研究了塌陷型地裂缝的动态发育规律,并通过工程实例,验证了模型的可靠性。研究表明,在基岩采厚比小于30的情况下,裂隙带直达地表,容易形成地裂缝,若基本顶以上不存在关键层,塌陷型地裂缝伴随着基本顶的破断同时发育,其形态与基本顶破断的"O"型圈形态相似;若存在关键层,受岩层破断角的影响,则会使塌陷型裂缝滞后于煤层开采进度,即存在塌陷型地裂缝滞后角,关键层到基本顶的距离越大,其值越大。In order to study the relationship between collapsing ground fissures and geological mining conditions, the forming mechanism of collapsing ground fissures caused by mining in shallow-buried coal seam was analyzed through classified statistics, by adopting the theory of the main roof＇s ＂O-X＂ type breaking principle and the key stratum theory of ground control. The dynamic development law of collapsing ground fissures was also studied. The engineering example conducted confirmed the reliabil- ity of the model. The research showed that when the mining-thickness ratio is less than 30, the fracture zone reach the ground, and the ground cracks easily. If there was no key stratum above the main roof, collapsing ground fissures developed with the breaking of the main roof, the shape of which was similar to the ＂O＂ type circle of the main roof. If there was a key stratum, the collapsing ground fissures would lag behind the mining schedule due to the breaking angle of rocks, which meant that there was a log angle of collapsing ground fissures, and the larger the distance between the key stratum and the main roof exists, the greater lag angle was.

关 键 词：塌陷型地裂缝 基本顶 薄板理论 关键层 滞后角 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]