从底线要求看环境公平制度的构建原则——基于环境弱势群体的视角  

Construction Principles of Environmental Equity System on the bottom-line requirement——On the Perspective of Environmental Vulnerable Groups

作　　者：刘海霞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学法政学院,济南250101 [2]中央编译局,北京100032

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2014年第1期93-99,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"环境弱势群体权益保障制度研究"(13BZZ006);中国博士后科学基金项目"环境正义视阈下的环境弱势群体"(2011M500354);山东省社会科学规划项目"山东环境弱势群体调查研究"(11CKSJ03)

摘　　要：环境公平制度建设首先应基于一个底线要求——公民健康不受侵害原则,即任何人在任何情况下,都没有权利以任何方式损害他人的健康。为了维护这一底线,必须对破坏底线的行为进行惩戒,责成造成污染或损害的加害方对受害方进行完全填补性赔偿,并依法追究加害方的刑事责任。在受害者难以获得应有赔偿的情况下,各级政府应对受害者进行快速直接的公力救济。其次,行政规划项目的货币补偿并不能完全弥补受影响群体的全部损失,应坚持"完全覆盖性"补偿原则,注重对受影响群体可持续生活能力的保护和培育。再次,还应考虑两项补充性原则:企业环保行为鼓励原则和弱势群体恶意行为预防原则。The environmental equity system construction should be based on a bottom-line requirement in the first place： the principle of citizens＇ health can not be violated. It means that anyone in any case, have no right to damage the health of others in any way. In order to preserve this bot- tom-line, we must punish the behaviors which destroy the bottom-line, oblige the injuring party who caused pollution or damage to give the injured party a completely fill compensation, and investigate the criminal responsibility of injuring party according to the law. If the injured people hard to get the due compensation, all levels governments should give them public relief rapidly and directly. Meanwhile,the monetary compensation of adminis- trative program can not cover the total loss of the affected groups, we should adhere to the ＂full coverage＂ compensation principle, pay attention to the protection and cultivation of the affected groups＇ sustainable living ability. Moreover, we should think about two expletive principles： the principle of encouraging enterprises＇ environmental protection behaviors and preventing vulnerable groups＇ malicious behaviors.

关 键 词：环境公平 底线要求 加害赔偿 受害救济 受苦补偿 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]