中西部4省农村≤3岁婴幼儿2周患病率分析  

Two-week prevalence among rural children under 3 years old in four provinces of central-west China

作　　者：张荔[1] 郭利娜[2] 崔颖[1] 王超[1] 蒋燕[1] 王蕾[1] 苏潇歌[1] 宋炜路[1] 张晓华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心全国12320管理中心 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心人力资源处

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2014年第1期47-49,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：卫生部-嘉道理慈善基金(CHI004)

摘　　要：目的了解中西部农村≤3岁婴幼儿感冒和腹泻2周患病情况及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在山西、甘肃、青海、新疆4省16个项目县随机抽取84个村≤3岁婴幼儿1 272人进行调查。结果中西部4省农村≤3岁婴幼儿感冒2周患病率为26.8%,腹泻2周患病率为19.9%;少数民族儿童腹泻患病率为25.0%,汉族患病率为12.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.146,P=0.000),母亲文化程度不同,儿童感冒患病率(χ2=37.627,P=0.000)、腹泻患病率(χ2=57.914,P=0.000),差异均有统计学意义;母亲年龄不同的儿童,腹泻患病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.873,P=0.009);多因素分析显示,母亲文化程度高(OR=0.634)是避免发生感冒的保护因素;与青海相比,新疆(OR=2.183)和甘肃(OR=1.943)的感冒患病率较高,母亲的文化程度高(OR=0.517)和母亲的年龄低(OR=1.910)是腹泻患病的保护因素,与青海相比,新疆(OR=2.379)≤3岁儿童腹泻患病率较高。结论开展母亲及抚养人的儿童防病知识的健康教育是降低西部农村儿童感冒和腹泻患病的主要措施。Objective To investigate two-week prevalences and influential factors of cold and diarrhea among rural children aged under 3 years in 4 provinces in central-west China. Methods Totally 1 272 children under 3 years old were selected from 16 counties in Xinjiang, Shanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai province with multi-stage stratified randomization method and investigated on two-week prevalence rates of cold and diarrhea. SPSS 19.0 software was used to carry on sta tistical analysis. Results The two-week prevalence rates of cold and diarrhea for the children was 26. 8% and 19. 9%, respectively. The prevalence rate of diarrhea of the minority and Han children was 25.0% and 12. 5%. The prevalence rate of diarrhea in minority children was higher than in Han children （X^2 = 30. 146, P = 0. 000）. The two-week prevalence rate of cold was different among the children with mothers of different education level（X^2 = 37. 627, P = 0. 000）and so as the two-prevalence rate of diarrhea （X^2 =57. 914,P =0. 000）. The two-week prevalence rate of diarrhea was different a- mong the children with the mothers of different age （X2 = 6. 873, P = 0. 009 ）. Multiple regression analyses showed that with the mother of high education level （ odds ratio E OR ] = 0. 634 ） was a protective factor for avoiding cold. Compared with that in Qinghal,the two-week prevalence rates of cold and diarrhea for the children in Xinjiang （OR = 2. 183 ）and Gansu（ OR = 1. 943 ） were higher. With mothers of high education（ OR = 0. 517 ） and younger age（ OR = 1. 910） were pro tective factors for the children to avoid diarrhea. Compared with that in Qinghai, the two-week prevalence rate of diarrhea for children in Xinjiang （ OR = 2. 379） was higher. Conduslon Health education on disease prevention among the mothers and caregivers is a major strategy to reduce the prevalence rates of cold and diarrhea in rural children under 3 years old in western China.

关 键 词：≤3岁儿童 2周患病率 感冒 腹泻 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学] R179[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]