油茶主栽品种的开花授粉习性  

Flowering and pollinating specifications of Camelia oleifera cultivars

作　　者：王湘南[1,2] 陈永忠[1,2] 王瑞[1,2] 彭邵锋[1,2] 陈隆升[1,2] 马力[1,2] 唐炜[1,2] 罗健[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]国家油茶工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2013年第12期1-5,F0002,F0003,共7页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范跨区域重点推广示范项目"油茶杂交新品种及丰产栽培技术集成示范"([2011]TK074号)

摘　　要：湖南省目前油茶主栽品种50多个,为了深入探索油茶区域适应性和稳产性能,我们针对油茶开花授粉习性进行大田观测研究。结果表明:⑴油茶栽培品种花期较长,45～100 d,单花寿命3～10 d不等,不同品种间差异较大;⑵油茶花大多在8:00～16:00期间蕾裂开放,通常单花开花头3天花瓣会在16:00左右出现收拢至傍晚合拢,第4天全天开放不再有收拢现象,并在此开放过程中花瓣有生长增大现象,同时,花药在开花的第1～3天期间开始开裂散粉,散粉方式为纵裂式,一般持续散粉时间为1～4 d。雌蕊先成熟,最佳授粉时间约持续2～5 d;⑶自然授粉坐果率0～91.4%,自交率低,属典型异花授粉植物;(4)其开花授粉习性主要受内在遗传及外在温度等环境条件影响。There are more than 50 widely-used dominant cultivars of Camellia oleifera in Hunan province. They are bearing various specifications in biology and morphology. For the further study on the regional adaptability and yield stability of the varieties, the field observations about flowering dynamics and pollination characters were conducted and studied. The results show that （1） C. oleifera had a long flowering period from 45 days to 100 days, single flower lasted about 3 ~ 10 days, but with great differences among the dominant cultivars. （2） Flower usually blossomed from 8：00 to 16：00 in a day; and in general, when a single flower blossomed in the first three days, it would tuck and its petals in at round 16：00 then would be closer and closer in the evening; however, it stops closing petals in the fourth day with its petals enlarging; meanwhile, the anther began to spay pollen in the first three days by the slitting mode, the lasting time of which was 1--4 days, with the protogyny, and the best pollination time lasted 2-5 days. at about 8：00 ~ 16：00 of daytime. （3） Natural pollination fruit rates were from 0% to 91.4% and self-pollinating rate was very low, was a typical cross-pollinated plant. （4） C. oleifera flowering and pollination characters are mainly effected by genetic and climatic factors, and influenced by differentiations among cultivars or environment conditions.

关 键 词：油茶 主栽品种 开花动态 授粉习性 

分 类 号：S727.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S794.4[农业科学—林学]