祁连山区造林地封育效果的研究  

Effects of closing hillsides for forestation in Qilian mountain area

作　　者：孟好军 张宏斌 徐柏林 刘建勋 李秉新 成彩霞 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院,甘肃张掖734000 [2]山丹县大黄山林场,甘肃山丹734100 [3]张掖市农业科学研究院,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2013年第12期22-26,共5页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题“祁连山水源涵养林生态系统保育技术试验示范(2012BAC08B02)”和“山前脆弱生态系统恢复与水土保持技术示范(2012BAC08B05)”共同资助

摘　　要：采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,利用造林地封育试验26 a的调查资料,研究了造林地封育对物种多样性、林地生物量、封育区不同造林类型地土壤的质量状况等。结果表明:造林地封育区较对照区物种多样性指数提高31.9%;林草植被盖度>40%、30%～40%、20%～30%的地块面积分别由原来的15.6%、18.9%和27.8%增加到21.4%、25.6%和34.9%。植被覆盖度<20%的地块面积减少,由原来的37.7%减少为19.1%;灌木层植被盖度由30～40%提高到80～90%,平均高由40～50 cm增加到100～200 cm,林地凋落物量增大了27～43%;E、W向坡地上饲草生物量较对照分别提高2.22倍和2.14倍;青海云杉造林后种群分布逐渐呈现为群聚分布;不同造林类型的土壤质量优劣依次为青海云杉+落叶松混交林>山丹柳灌木林>青海云杉灌木混交林>沙棘林>灌木混交林;封育后衰退山丹柳灌丛每3～4 a现存生物量(standing biomass)增大一倍,特征返回时间为3.2 a,环境容纳量达到一半时,具有最大持续年生产量3.724 t/hm2,利用量大于3.724t/hm2时,原有稳定的灌丛生长速率就会下降。By adopting the method combining field investigation and indoor analysis, using the 26 years survey data of closing hillsides for forestation in Qilian Mountains, the effects of forestation land enclosure on species diversity, forest biomass, soil quality with different afforestation types of the studied area. The results indicate that the species diversity index of land-closed for forestation was higher than the control by 31.9%; the forest land areas with forest-grass cover degree larger than 40%, 30% ~ 40% and 20% ~ 30% increased from the original 15.6%, 18.9% and 27.8% to present 21.4%, 25.6% and 34.9%, respectively; the forest land areas with vegetation coverage less than 20% decreased from the original 37.7% to presentl9.1%; the vegetation coverage of shrub layer rose from 30%-40% to 80%-90%, the average height of shrub increased from 40-50 cm to 100-200 cm, the amount of litters in woodland increased by 27% - 43%; the forage biomass on east and west slopes increased 2.22 and 2.14 times than the control, respectively; After the plantation of Picea crassifolia, the population showed an aggregated distribution; The soil quality with different planting types ordered as foloowings： Picea crassifolia ＋ mixed forests of larch 〉 Willow shrub 〉 mixed forests of Picea crassifolia and shrubs 〉 seabuckthom forest 〉 mixed forests of shrubs; After closing hillsides for forestation, the Salix shrubs stand increased biomass 1 time per 3-4 years, the characteristic return time was 3.2 years, when the carrying capacity was up to half, the maximum continuous annual production capacity appeared being 3.724 t/hmZ; when the utilization quantity was larger than3.724 t/hm2, the original stable shrub growth rates would fall.

关 键 词：祁连山 造林地 封育效果 

分 类 号：S718.541[农业科学—林学]