北京山地不同海拔人工油松林枯落物及其土壤水文效应  

Hydrological Effects of Forest Litters and Soil in Pinus Tabuliformis Plantations at the Different Altitudes of Mountains of Beijing

作　　者：鲁绍伟[1] 陈波[1] 潘青华[1] 李少宁[1] 张玉平[1] 任翠梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京100093 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆163316

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2013年第6期54-58,70,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：北京市科技专项"石佛寺引种试验林评价及适生树种筛选"(Z111105055311043)

摘　　要：本文对北京山地4个海拔梯度（480,540,690,820m）的人工油松（Pinus Tabuliformis）林枯落物层及土壤层水文效应进行研究,结果表明：枯落物总蓄积量、最大持水量、有效拦蓄能力均随海拔先升高而后减小,最大持水率随海拔升高先减小而后增大,枯落物总储量在10.63~31.42t/hm2之间,最大持水量在17.27~37.17t/hm2之间,有效拦蓄能力在6.72~28.71t/hm2之间,最大持水率在164.32%~185.77%之间。枯落物持水量与浸泡时间呈明显的对数关系（R〉0.93）,枯落物吸水速率与浸泡时间呈明显的幂函数关系（R〉0.73）。土壤容重随海拔的升高而增大,变化范围为0.97~1.22g/cm3,总孔隙度随海拔的升高而减小,土壤层有效持水量随海拔的升高而减小,土壤入渗速率与入渗时间呈明显幂函数关系（R〉0.96）。综合分析各项因子,低海拔地区的油松人工林水源涵养能力普遍高于高海拔。A preliminary study on hydrological effects of litter layers and soil layer in planted Pinus Tabuliformis forests was carried out at four different altitudes（480,540,690mand 820m）in Badaling Shifosi shallow mountain of Beijing.The result showed that the litter total storage capacity,the maximum water holding capacity and the modified interception capacity increased initially and then decreased,the maximum water holding rate decreased then increased,the total storage capacity of litter was about 10.63~31.42t/hm2,the maximum water holding capacity was about 17.27~37.17t/hm2,the modified interception capacity was about 6.72~28.71t/hm2,the maximum water holding rate was about 164.32%~185.77%.Water holding capacity and soaking time of without decomposition litter and semi-decomposition litter both had visible logarithmic relationship（R0.93）,relationship between absorption rate and immersion time was described by power function（R0.73）.The soil bulk density increased with the increase of altitude,the average of soil bulk density ranged from 0.97g/cm3 to 1.22g/cm3,with the altitudes increase,both the total soil porosity and the soil water-holding capacity decreased.The relation between infiltration rate and infiltration fit time can be described by power function（R0.96）.Generally,Pinus tabulaeformis forest at low altitude has the stronger water conservation function compared with that in highaltitude.

关 键 词：水土保持 北京山地 油松 海拔 枯落物 土壤水文 

分 类 号：S715.7[农业科学—林学]