华北片麻岩石质山地山杏幼林集水保墒措施选择  

Study on Selection of Water-Harvesting and Moisture-Conserving Measures in Young Plantations of Prunus sibirica L.in Gneiss Mountainous Area of North China

作　　者：李广德[1,2] 章岳涛[1] 翟明普[1] 谭飞理[1,3] 贾黎明[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中央广播电视大学农林医药学院,北京100039 [3]湛江师范学院,广东湛江524048

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2013年第6期71-76,83,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题"华北中山区高效水土保持林构建技术研究与示范"(2011BAD38B0605)

摘　　要：为了确定适宜的华北片麻岩石质山地山杏幼林集水保墒措施,以生长、生理、土壤水分等为评判指标,研究了河北平山片麻岩石质山区翼式鱼鳞坑＋保水剂＋石子（YY＋B＋S）、翼式鱼鳞坑＋保水剂＋秸杆（YY＋B＋J）、翼式鱼鳞坑＋保水剂（YY＋B）、翼式鱼鳞坑＋石子（YY＋S）、翼式鱼鳞坑＋秸杆（YY＋J）、翼式鱼鳞坑（YY）及对照（CK）处理对山杏幼树地径、树高、材积、新梢生长、净光合速率、叶绿素含量,以及土壤水分等的影响。结果表明：（1）采用翼式鱼鳞坑及翼式鱼鳞坑与石子、秸秆、保水剂等综合集水保墒措施可有效改善山杏土壤水分状况,一个生长季及一次大的降水后土壤含水量较对照分别提高了22.4%~61.8%和28.53%~106.25%;（2）集水保墒措施能有效促进山杏地径、树高、材积及新梢的生长,处理平均较对照分别高26.07%,117.87%,443.83%,84.04%;（3）集水保墒措施可通过促进土壤水分条件的改善来改善山杏光合作用等生理特性,处理后山杏叶片叶绿素含量、日平均净光合速率、一次大的降水后净光合速率平均较对照高25.24%~128.73%,22.18%~153.56%,3.16%~35.35%;（4）综合各种集水保墒措施对山杏生长、生理及土壤水分等指标的影响,结合经济因素考虑,翼式鱼鳞坑＋石子（YY＋S）和翼式鱼鳞坑＋秸杆（YY＋J）是华北片麻岩石质山地山杏两种方便、经济、适用的集水保墒措施。In order to select reasonable water-harvesting and soil conservation measures in young plantations of Prunus sibirica Lam.in gneiss rocky mountainous area of north China,growth,physiological,and soil moisture evaluation indicators such as ground diameter,tree height,volume,shoot length,net photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content,and soil water content were used to indicate the effect of different measures on Prunus sibirica L.in Pingshan County,Hebei Province in 2008.The micro-topography water-harvesting and soil conservation measures include wing-style fish-scale pits＋ soil absorbent polymers＋ stone-mulching（YY＋B＋S）,wing-style fish-scale pits＋ soil absorbent polymers＋ straw-mulching（YY＋B＋J）,wing-style fish-scale pits＋soil absorbent polymers（YY＋B）,wing-style fish-scale pits＋ stone-mulching（YY＋S）,wing-style fish-scale pits＋straw-mulching（YY＋J）,wing-style fish-scale pits（YY）only,also agroup of Prunus sibirica L.without any treatment were included as the control treatment（CK）.The result showed that：（1）soil moisture could be improved by the water-harvesting and soil conservation measures by22.4%to 61.8% and 28.53% to 106.25%in a whole growth season and a rainfall cycle,respectively;（2）the growth of Prunus sibirica L.such as ground diameter,tree height,volume,and shoot length could be enhanced through the above treatments by 26.07%,117.87%,443.83%,and 84.04%,respectively com-pared with CK;（3）the net photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content of Prunus sibirica L.increased by3.16%~153.56%,and 25.24%~128.73%,respectively,compared with CK;（4）considering the factors above,also with the economic factor,YY＋S and YY＋J were recommend as the available,economical,convenient,and adaptable water-harvesting and soil conservation measures for Prunus sibirica L.in gneiss rocky mountainous area.

关 键 词：片麻岩石质山地 翼式鱼鳞坑 集水保墒 山杏 

分 类 号：S753.53[农业科学—森林经理学]