秦岭北坡林窗大小对栓皮栎实生幼苗生长发育的影响  

Effects of Forest Gap Size on the Growth of Quercus variabilis Seedlings on North Slopes of The Qinling Mountains

作　　者：马莉薇[1,2] 张文辉[1] 周建云[1] 薛瑶芹[1] 吴敏[1] 马闯[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学西部环境与生态教育部重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,富阳311400

出　　处：《林业科学》2013年第12期43-50,共8页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家林业局林业行业专项(201004011);国家自然科学基金项目(30872018)

摘　　要：栓皮栎是中国暖温带和亚热带林区的主要建群种和资源树种.为了明确林窗大小对栓皮栎实生幼苗生长发育的影响,通过设置固定样地,测定秦岭北坡5种不同面积林窗（面积分别为＜ 50,50 ～ 100,100 ～ 150,150 ～200,＞200 m2）中栓皮栎实生幼苗的存活数量、生长、干物质积累和分配等指标,分析栓皮栎实生幼苗的生长发育与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明：在幼苗期（1～5年生）,随着年龄的增长,实生幼苗的数量呈现逐渐下降的趋势;在面积为150～ 200 m2的林窗中,栓皮栎实生幼苗在数量、生长指标和干物质积累量方面都优于其他林窗中的栓皮栎实生幼苗;林窗内的光照强度、灌木层盖度、草本层盖度、草本层高度、土壤温度、土壤养分条件与实生幼苗的存活呈正相关;空气湿度、枯枝落叶层厚度则与实生幼苗的生长呈负相关.在未来的经营过程中,抚育间伐创造面积为150 ～200 m2的林窗,林分郁闭度保持在0.75左右,能改善林地生境,促进种子萌芽和实生幼苗生长发育,为培育高质量的林木提供有利条件.Quercus variabilis is an important forest species and timber resource, and produces tannin in the warm temperate and the subtropical forests of China. In this study, 15 sample plots were established to investigate the characteristics of Q. variabilis seedling and the factors influencing the regeneration in forest gaps of different sizes. The plots were located at five microhabitats in Q. variabilis forests on the north slopes of the Qinling Mountains, which are the core distribution areas of the species. The microhabitats were identified by gap size as follows： classes I, II, III, IV and V had agap size of 〈50 m2, 50-100 m2, 100-150 m2, 150-200 m2 and 〉200 m2, respectively. The survival rates of young Q. variabilis seedlings, their ab0veground and belowground morphological traits, and their growth and biomass, ~hich related to their developmental age, were measured in 2009 and 2010. The environmental factors, including available sunlight, air temperature and humidity, coverage and height of shrubs and herbs, and soil characteristics, were also measured and their relationships with the seedling growth and development were analyzed. The results showed that the number of seedlings in forest gaps decreased dramatically as the age increase. The number of seedlings in the gap class IV was greater than those in the other four classes of gaps. The morphological traits, including basal diameter, height, diameter and length of the primary branch, leaf area index, diameter and length of the main root, diameter and length of lateral roots and surface area of lateral roots of seedlings in the gaps of class IV were also greater than those in the other four classes. Regression analysis also showed that the class IV was a much more suitable habitat for biomass accumulation of Q. variabilis seedlings; that is, biomass of the main stems, the branches of stems, leaves, the main roots and lateralroots of seedlings in the class IV were greater than those in other microhabitats. The growth in height and biomass of the seedlings

关 键 词：林窗大小 环境因子 栓皮栎 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]