日本佳盾蜾蠃营巢生物学研究  

Nesting biology of Euodynerus nipanicus Schulthess( Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

作　　者：黄敦元[1,2] 何波[1] 余江帆 谷平[1] 彭飞[1] 黄名广 朱朝东[4] 

机构地区：[1]江西环境工程职业学院,江西赣州341000 [2]南京师范大学生命科学学院动物学国家重点学科,江苏生物多样性重点实验室,南京210046 [3]江西省林业科技培训中心,南昌330038 [4]中国科学院动物研究所,动物进化与系统学(院)重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2013年第6期783-791,共9页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广项目(JXTG(2012)11)

摘　　要：2011~2013年对我国南方林区捕食性天敌昆虫日本佳盾蜾蠃Euodynerus nipanicus（Schulthess）的营巢生物学及其巢穴结构进行了初步研究。采用目测、拍照和摄像等方法对雌性日本佳盾蜾蠃的整个筑巢过程和日活动规律进行了连续观察,采用室内解剖巢管对该蜂的巢穴结构进行观测,用游标卡尺对虫室、空室和前庭大小等数据进行测量。研究发现日本佳盾蜾蠃偏爱巢口方向为东南方向的巢箱,长度为21.03±3.75 cm,内径为0.88±0.13 cm的巢管;该蜂巢穴主要包括虫室、空室和前庭三个部分,每个巢管虫室数目平均4.75±1.83个,长度平均1.32±0.26 cm,空室数目平均5.67±1.97个,长度平均0.91±0.29 cm,前庭只有1个但不同巢管中差异较大,平均长度2.57±1.74 cm;晴好天气下,雌性成蜂一天内共出巢55±5.33次,一次捕食过程平均536.97±110.76 s,每次存放食物时间平均40.15±8.46 s,一次采泥过程所需时间平均39.07±11.15 s,筑巢时间平均68.56±13.59 s。日本佳盾蜾蠃不同的个体之间筑巢习性基本相近,但不同巢穴内部结构存在一定的差异。Euodynerus nipanicus is the natural enemy of predatory insects in forest zones of southern China. We conducted a research to study the nest structures and nesting biology of E. nipanicus from 2011 to 2013. The nesting process and daily activities of E. nipanicus were observed through visual observation and photographing. We also observed the single nest structure of E. nipanicus using nest anatomy in the laboratory and measured all compounds of the nest with vernier caliper. The results of our research shows that E. nipanicus preferred nest boxes with southeast orientation,and inclined nests with mean length of 21. 03 ± 3. 75 cm mean inner diameter of 0. 88 ± 0. 13 cm. The nest consists of brood cell,deep cell and vestibular cell. The mean number of brood cells of each nest was 4. 75 ± 1. 83 and the mean length of them was 1. 32 ± 0. 26 cm. There were 5. 67 ± 1. 97 deep cells with the length of 0. 91 ± 0. 29 cm. In each nest,there was only one vestibular cell with variable size and the mean length was 2. 57 ± 1. 74 cm. In the good weather,each female goes out 55 ± 5. 33 times a day; the mean duration of each predation process is 536. 97 ± 110. 76 s; each time they store food cost 40. 15 ± 8. 46 s averagely; the mean time they spent in collecting soil and building nests were 39. 07 ± 11. 15 s,68. 56 ± 13. 59 s respectively. Nesting behavior of different E. nipanicus individuals was very similar,but special structures of different nests were significantly distinct.

关 键 词：胡蜂科 日本佳盾蜾蠃 营巢生物学 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]