长链正烷烃的受限结晶研究进展  

Progress in Studies of Confined Crystallzaiton of Long-chain n-Alkanes

作　　者：高霞[1] 苏允兰[1] 谢保全[1] 傅东升[1] 王笃金[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院化学研究所北京分子科学国家实验室,北京100190

出　　处：《高分子学报》2014年第1期22-30,共9页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号51103166;50925313)资助项目

摘　　要：聚合物的结晶过程和最终凝聚态结构直接影响材料的加工使用性能.作为高分子材料的最大品种,聚烯烃由于分子量大,分子量分布较宽,结晶过程中形成多种亚稳态,因而从分子水平上阐明其结晶机理存在困难.与聚乙烯链结构相似的长链正烷烃可作为聚烯烃的模型化合物,研究其受限结晶行为能为复杂的聚合物受限结晶提供理想的模型体系.长链正烷烃的受限空间可以分为一维受限薄膜、二维受限微孔、三维受限微乳液或微胶囊等.相对于本体,长链正烷烃在每个受限体系中的结晶行为各不相同,这主要来源于受限体系对成核、结晶以及相转变的影响.本文重点综述了长链正烷烃在3种受限体系中的结晶特点,并结合各个体系中聚合物的结晶特点,阐述了长链正烷烃作为聚合物模型化合物的合理性.The application of polymer materials is significantly influenced by their crystallization behaviors. Up to now, it is hard to study the crystallization behavior of polymer on the molecular level, because of the large molecular weight,wide molecular weight distribution and many kinds of mesophases. Normal alkanes,with the same linear hydrocarbon chain structure as polymer, are ideal model systems for polymers and have attracted more attention on their confined crystallization behaviors. There are three kinds of confinement systems for n- alkanes crystallization,which are one-dimensional-confinement film,two-dimensional-confinement mesopores or nanochannels and soft three-dimensional-confinement microemulsions, respectively. The crystallization behaviors and phase transitions of n-alkanes confined in media behave differently from their bulk counterparts, which can be attributed to the confinement effect on nucleation and phase transitions. This article reviews the crystallization behaviors and phase transitions of n-alkanes in three kinds of confinement systems, and also makes a brief overview on polymer confined crystallization behaviors in the same systems, trying to illustrate that n-alkane is the excellent model for the study of complex confined crystallization behaviors of polymers, especially for polyethylene.

关 键 词：长链正烷烃 受限 结晶 

分 类 号：O631-1[理学—高分子化学]