草玉梅种子休眠原因及解除休眠方法  

The causes of Anemone rivularis seed dormancy and the methods for breaking dormancy

作　　者：鱼小军[1] 徐长林[1] 王芳[2] 景媛媛[1] 段春华[1] 王庚[1] 盛芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃省草业工程实验室,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第1期65-70,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31001029);甘肃省高校科研业务费资助

摘　　要：为明晰草玉梅（Anemone rivularis）种子的休眠类型和破除休眠的方法、为草地改良和草玉梅的栽培提供基础，以未去除果皮的草玉梅瘦果为对照，研究了不同处理对草玉梅种子休眠的影响。结果表明：40～50 g·L-1的NaOH溶液浸泡3～5 h未能破除其休眠；经过2个月的贮藏，剪去草玉梅果皮上端、除去果皮的草玉梅种子在黑暗条件下的发芽率分别为3.3%和6.2%，与对照（2.0%）差异不显著（P〉0.05），而光照条件下的上述种子发芽率分别为38.7%和76.0%，显著高于对照（P〈0.05）；剪去果皮基部的草玉梅种子在光照和黑暗条件下的发芽率与对照差异不显著（P〉0.05）。除去部分（1/5～1/4）果皮能使草玉梅种子发芽率提高到62.7%，显著高于对照（P〈0.05）；果皮穿刺处理显著提高了草玉梅种子发芽率（19.3%）（P〈0.05），但显著低于除去果皮和部分去皮处理（P〈0.05）；草玉梅果皮水提液对草玉梅种子萌发无抑制作用；10～30 mg·L-1 GA3浸泡处理10 h未能提高草玉梅瘦果的发芽率；草玉梅种子在25/15 ℃变温条件下发芽率最高，15/5 ℃和10/5 ℃变温条件下不能发芽。综合分析认为，果皮的遮光引起了草玉梅种子的休眠，除去果皮能有效破除草玉梅种子的休眠。除去果皮后尚有部分种子仍然处于休眠状态，因此草玉梅种子（瘦果）的休眠为综合休眠类型。In order to clarify the dormancy mechanisms of Anemone rivularis seed and find better methods for breaking seed dormancy to provide a basis for cultivation for medicinal plants of A. rivularis, the efficacy of a series of treatments on seed germination and dormancybreaking of A. rivularis were assessed when compared with the untreated achene （CK）. Soaking for 3-5 h with 40-50 g·L-1 NaOH solution failed to break the dormancy of A. rivularis achenes. After 2 months of storage, the percentages of germination of the achenes with the head or the entire seedcase being removed were 3.3% and 6.2% （P〉0.05）, respectively, when cultivated without light but 38.7% and 76.0% （P〈0.05）, respectively, when cultivated with light. Cutting off the bottom of the achene made no difference, irrespective of cultivation with or without light. The germination of A. rivularis seed after partial seedcase removal （from 1/5 to 1/4） reached 62.7% and was significantly higher than that of CK （P〈0.05）. The germination of A. rivularis seed after seedcase puncture treatment was also significantly improved by 19.3% （P〈0.05） but was less effective than that when the seedcase was totally or partially removed （P〈0.05）. There was no significant allelopathic effect of aqueous extract liquid of A. rivularis seedcase on the seed germination of A. rivularis. Soaking in GA3 solution with concentration of 10-30 g·L-1 for 10 h did not improve the germination of A. rivularis achene. The highest germination percentage of the A. rivularis seed was found at temperature alternating between 25 and 15 ℃ （with durations 8 and 16 h, respectively）. There was no seed germination at temperature alternating between 15 and 5 ℃ or 10 and 5 ℃. Our results suggest that seedcase blocks the light, causing the dormancy of A. rivularis seed. Removing the seedcase could break the seed dormancy of A. rivularis effectively. However, some seeds still rem

关 键 词：草玉梅 休眠类型 破除休眠 果皮 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]