中国东北地区多孔菌的区系组成及分布特征  

Floral composition and distribution characteristics of polypores in Northeast China

作　　者：李敬文[1] 魏玉莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第1期125-131,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31370514)资助

摘　　要：多孔菌是木材腐朽真菌的一个重要类群,通过将木材中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素分解成为可被自身和其他生物利用的营养物质,从而促进森林生态系统的物质循环。经过野外采集及室内分析,中国东北地区共发现多孔菌304种,隶属于7目14科93属,其中优势科是多孔菌科,优势属是木层孔菌属、泊氏孔菌属和薄孔菌属。经过区系地理分析,东北地区的多孔菌以北温带和世界广布成分为主,具有明显的北温带特征。东北地区的多孔菌濒危种有23种,其中有11种生于单一属的寄主树木上,说明生境的选择限制了多孔菌的生长;多孔菌物种中营腐生生活的种类占大多数,有褐腐和白腐之分。总体来说,白腐菌占大多数,但东北地区褐腐菌所占比例为23.8%,高于世界水平,并且其中有80%的种类生长在针叶树上,说明褐腐菌对于东北地区针叶林生态系统的物质循环有重要作用。Polypores are the most important group of wood-inhabiting fungi. Most of these fungi can decompose cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the plant cell walls, and therefore play a key role in nutrient recycling in forest ecosystems. Based on 16 years of field investigation and laboratory analyses, 304 polypore species were found and they belong to 93 genera, 14 families, and 7 orders. The dominant family is the Polyporaceae, accounting for 33.2% of all polypore species in the studied area, and the dominant genera are Phellinus, Postia and Antrodia. The majority of the polypores are the north temperate element and cosmopolitan element, showing a distinct north temperate character in floral composition. 23 threatened polypores were found and 11 of them grow on single tree species. This suggested that they need some special substrates for their growth. So the most important method for polypore conservation is to keep natural forests without disturbance. Most of the polypores are saprophytic species, and the white rot species are dominant. The percentage of brown rot polypores is 23.8% of all polypores in Northeast China, which is higher than the mean level in the world. Among these brown rot species, 80% of them were found on gymnosperm wood, suggesting that the brown rot polypores are very important for nutrient cycling in coniferous forests in Northeast China.

关 键 词：多孔菌 物种多样性 地理成分 生态分布 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]