听觉对拟环纹豹蛛(Pardosa pseudoannulata)定位猎物的影响  

Effects of auditory sense on locating preys by wolf spider(Pardosa pseudoannulata)

作　　者：汪波[1,2] 黄婷[1] 朱凌姬 李文婷 李咏旻 颜亨梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,长沙410081 [2]北京师范大学珠海分校,广东珠海519087

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第1期155-158,共4页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31172107和30970421);广东省大学生创新训练计划项目(1317712037)资助

摘　　要：为探明蜘蛛的听觉感受器在寻觅定位猎物中的作用,在实验室内比较拟环纹豹蛛(Pardosa pseudoannulata)对有果蝇振翅声源端和无声源端的反应。结果表明:近距离内,拟环纹豹蛛对有声源端选择指数显著高于无声源端,但距离增大至15 cm后,拟环纹豹蛛选择指数无显著差异;拟环纹豹蛛停留时间也呈类似变化,距离12 cm内,拟环纹豹蛛在有声源端停留时间较长,多于总观察时间的1/2,且拟环纹豹蛛在有声源端停留时间显著高于无声源端,距离增加后,拟环纹豹蛛对声音敏感程度下降,停留时间无显著差异;总之,离声源距离越近,拟环纹豹蛛对声音的敏感性越高,随着距离增加,敏感性逐渐降低,声源间距与拟环纹豹蛛成功定位猎物有明显负相关性,拟环纹豹蛛在一定距离下可以依靠听觉定位猎物;另外,拟环纹豹蛛性别对听觉感受器的敏感度有一定影响,雌性拟环纹豹蛛对果蝇振翅声音更为敏感,选择指数更高。The sensitivity of Pardosa pseudoannulata to the sound and silence sources of Drosophila wings was compared in the laboratory. At close distances, the selection index of the P. pseudoannulata for the sound source was significantly higher than that for the silence source. However, when the distance was increased to 15 cm, no significant difference was found in the selection index. The residence time also showed a similar change. Within 12 cm, the residence time of the P. pseudoannulata on the sound source side was longer than 50% of the total observation time, and significantly higher than that on the silence side. As the distance increased, the sensitivity of the P. pseudoannulata to the sound decreased, and the residence time became insignificantly different. Therefore, the closer the distance to the sound source, the higher the sensitivity of P. pseudoannulata was to the sound. In addition, the distance between sound sources showed a clear correlation with the successful positioning of the prey. P. pseudoannulata can locate their prey by relying on hearing from a certain distance. Moreover, the gender of P. pseudoannulata is a factor in the sensitivity of the auditory sensor. Female P. pseudoannulata is more sensitive to the sound of Drosophila wings and exhibits a higher selection index.

关 键 词：拟环纹豹蛛 听觉感受器 猎食 定位 性别 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]