植物物候对城市热岛响应的研究进展  

Research advances in plant phenological responses to urban heat island

作　　者：蔡红艳[1] 杨小唤[1] 张树文[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第1期221-228,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAI32B06和2012BAI32B07);国家自然科学基金项目(41301155)资助

摘　　要：城市热岛引起的局地小气候改变对生态系统格局、过程及功能的影响加剧。植物物候是检测这种影响的敏感且易观测的生物指示器,其对城市热岛的响应研究成为城市生态学及全球变化科学关注的热点。本文系统综述近年来相关研究成果,指出物候地面观测、模型模拟及遥感监测是获取城市植物物候的主要途径,联合公众并充分结合照片、多分辨率影像等可丰富物候资料获取;由于城市热岛的影响,城市春季物候早于周围乡村地区,但对于驱动机制仍没有定论;随着城市增温,城市春季物候提前,秋季物候延后,但如何定量区分致使城市增温的热岛效应与气候增暖的影响成为难点;同时,植物功能型、外来种等生物因素及地理区位因素对植物物候响应产生影响。为此,提出未来应抽丝剥茧去除干扰因素,加强植物物候响应机理的研究。Local microclimate changes caused by urban heat island （UHI） have increasingly impacted the patterns, processes and functions of ecosystems. Plant phenology is a sensitive and easily observed biological indicator to detect these impacts, and its responses to UHI have become hotspots in the fields of urban ecology and global climate change. This paper reviewed related researches in recent years. It points out that there are three major ways to obtain urban phenology, that is, field observation, phenology modeling and remote sensing monitoring. Through cooperating with the public and employing photos and multi-resolution images, we can enrich the phenology data. Due to the impacts of UHI, spring phenology in urban area has been earlier than the surrounding rural area; however, the impact mechanism is still controversial. At temporal scale, spring phenology has advanced and autumn phenology has delayed induced by urban warming. Urban warming is caused by UHI and climate warming, and how to quantitatively discern their contributions is difficult. In addition, biological factors （e.g. plant functional types and exotic plants） and geographical location have affected the plant phenological responses to UHI. Thus, this paper proposes that future researches need to eliminate the interference factors, and enhance the researches in response mechanisms.

关 键 词：植物物候 物候模型 遥感 城市热岛效应 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]