社会心理学视角下权力理论的发展与比较  

The Theoretical Development and Comparison of Power: From the Perspective of Social Psychology

作　　者：王雪[1] 蔡頠 孙嘉卿[3] 吴嵩[1] 封子奇[1] 金盛华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院,人格与社会心理学研究所,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京师范大学心理学院,北京100875 [3]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,北京100872

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2014年第1期139-149,共11页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家基础科学人才培养基金资助项目(J1103601&J1210048);国家社科重大项目(12&ZD228);国家社科教育学重点项目(ACA100004)

摘　　要：权力作为人类社会的基本特征之一,一直受到社会心理学家的关注,实证研究成果丰硕,理论构建也日益完善。首先,权力从结构变量发展为心理变量,有外显、内隐之分,控制感是其核心要素。其次,社会心理学领域最具代表性的3个权力理论为"接近-抑制理论"、"情境聚焦理论"和"社会距离理论",它们的理论基础各异,关注的现象却存在交集。最后,未来的权力研究可以从以下3个方向改进:(1)关注文化、动机、自我卷入等因素;(2)区别社会权力和个人权力;(3)融合各领域观点;(4)丰富研究方法,以促进理论的发展。As one of the fundamental characteristics of human society, power has been paid attention by social psychologists for a long time. Power was converted from a structural concept to a psychological one. As a psychological concept, power, whose core element is the sense of control, can be implicit or explicit. In the field of social psychology, three most representative theories of power are ＂the approach/inhibition theory＂ ＂the situated focus theory＂ and ＂the social distance theory＂, which have distinctive theoretical bases but common predictions. Further researches on power can be improved in the following aspects, including 1） distinguishing social and personal power, 2） considering how culture, motivation and self-involvement moderate power effects, 3） integrating viewpoints from different perspectives, and 4） enriching research methods of power.

关 键 词：权力 接近-抑制理论 情境聚焦理论 社会距离理论 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]