甘薯地膜覆盖研究进展  

Advances of Plastic Film Mulch in Sweet Potato [Ipomoea batatas(L.)]

作　　者：解备涛[1] 汪宝卿[1] 王庆美[1] 张海燕[1] 李爱贤[1] 侯夫云[1] 董顺旭[1] 张立明[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所,济南250100 [2]山东省农业科学院,济南250100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第36期28-32,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"耐盐碱能源甘薯种质创新与新品种培育"(2009BADA7B03);国家甘薯产业体系项目"北方区栽培岗位"(cars-11-b-11);山东省良种工程"玉米及其他粮食作物新品种培育"(2009LZ006-01)

摘　　要：甘薯是中国重要的粮食作物之一,地膜覆盖是中国北方薯区甘薯高产的重要措施之一。为此,综述了甘薯地膜覆盖产量提高的机理,主要有:(1)在土壤因素上增加土壤温度,提高土壤湿度、改善土壤的理化性质和加速土壤养分的转化。(2)在产量和形态发育影响方面主要是提前结薯、促进根系发育和防治茎叶徒长。(3)在生理代谢影响方面主要有地膜覆盖提高了叶片叶绿素含量,Rubpase活性、ATP含量和ATP酶活性以及提高了叶片SOD和CAT活性,降低了叶片中MDA含量,提高了叶片光合速率,延迟了叶片衰老;地膜覆盖改变了叶片和块根中的激素含量变化趋势,促进同化物向块根的转运。(4)地膜覆盖提高了甘薯抵抗病虫害以及盐碱胁迫的能力。之后阐述了中国地膜覆盖当前存在的主要问题主要有环境污染问题、减产问题以及农机农艺不配套的问题,最后展望了中国甘薯地膜覆盖将来的发展趋势。The sweet potato is one of the most important crops in China, and the plastic film mulch was an important agronomic practice increasing the yield of sweet potato, this article reviewed the yield-increasing mechanism of plastic film mulch which mainly lay in the following aspects. The first was that the plastic film mulch increased the temperature and humidity of soil, improved the physical and chemical properties and accelerated the conversion of nutrient in soil. The second was that the plastic film mulch made tuber formation earlier than that of bare ground and improved the development of root and prevented the over growth of leaves and stems. The third was that the plastic film mulch increased the content of chlorophyll and the activity of Rubpase, ATP, SOD and CAT and decreased the content of MDA in leaves, which increased the photosynthetic rate delayed the senescence of leaf, and the plastic film mulch changed the trends of phytohormone content in leaf and tuber root which improved the assimilate transports from leaf to tuber root. The last was that the plastic film mulch increased the ability against insects and pathogens and the stress of saline. And then the problems of plastic film mulch such as the environmental pollution, production reduction and incompatibility between agricultural machinery and agriculture existed in sweet potato production, meanwhile the trends of plastic film mulch was discussed.

关 键 词：甘薯 地膜覆盖 产量 机理 问题 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]